{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189209094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","title":"Prediction of Urban Area Expansion with Implementation of MLC, SAM and SVMs\u2019 Classifiers Incorporating Artificial Neural Network Using Landsat Data","display_name":"Prediction of Urban Area Expansion with Implementation of MLC, SAM and SVMs\u2019 Classifiers Incorporating Artificial Neural Network Using Landsat Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189209094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","mag":"3189209094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/513/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056473809","display_name":"Saeid Zare Naghadehi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157349981","display_name":"SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/00qv0tw17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157349981"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Zare Naghadehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157349981","https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069178013","display_name":"Milad Asadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-3091"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Asadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Planning, University of Daneshpajoohan, Isfahan 81747-47144, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Planning, University of Daneshpajoohan, Isfahan 81747-47144, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067298066","display_name":"Mohammad Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-7453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181744264","display_name":"Kharazmi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsgex59","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-7453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077302867","display_name":"Seyed-Mohammad Tavakkoli-Sabour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181744264","display_name":"Kharazmi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsgex59","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102839","display_name":"Th\u00fcringer Aufbaubank","ror":"https://ror.org/01axmbr32","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102839"]}],"countries":["DE","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyed-Mohammad Tavakkoli-Sabour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran","Tauber Delaburation, 99099 Erfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tauber Delaburation, 99099 Erfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019976503","display_name":"John Lodewijk Van Genderen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Lodewijk Van Genderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061163622","display_name":"Samira-Sadat Saleh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181744264","display_name":"Kharazmi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsgex59","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira-Sadat Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing, Kharazmi University, Tehran 37551-31979, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181744264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077302867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181744264","https://openalex.org/I4210102839"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84367363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"513","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7773072719573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7533497214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7188417315483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6196544766426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5709402561187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.518098771572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.5122715830802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5115829110145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4856325685977936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44585609436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4105024039745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.2995416522026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.23250049352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2042115330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1746746301651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09563592076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08221867680549622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7773072719573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7533497214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7188417315483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6196544766426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5709402561187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.518098771572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.5122715830802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5115829110145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4856325685977936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44585609436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4105024039745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2995416522026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.23250049352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2042115330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1746746301651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09563592076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08221867680549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:898dd07837534a6fbf64e3cabc882a67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/898dd07837534a6fbf64e3cabc882a67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 513 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/8/513/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 513","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080513","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189209094.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189209094.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623527910","https://openalex.org/W817971873","https://openalex.org/W1580742377","https://openalex.org/W1815391834","https://openalex.org/W1968464726","https://openalex.org/W1981439853","https://openalex.org/W2003642211","https://openalex.org/W2040774035","https://openalex.org/W2058963764","https://openalex.org/W2064211460","https://openalex.org/W2096052873","https://openalex.org/W2117127707","https://openalex.org/W2168813663","https://openalex.org/W2238226741","https://openalex.org/W2296733024","https://openalex.org/W2325770252","https://openalex.org/W2401090185","https://openalex.org/W2502913321","https://openalex.org/W2545192738","https://openalex.org/W2553040501","https://openalex.org/W2610543265","https://openalex.org/W2725024759","https://openalex.org/W2751348154","https://openalex.org/W2757338792","https://openalex.org/W2766907439","https://openalex.org/W2770870796","https://openalex.org/W2793143846","https://openalex.org/W2793798759","https://openalex.org/W2793937010","https://openalex.org/W2803620309","https://openalex.org/W2808374792","https://openalex.org/W2882434252","https://openalex.org/W2885764426","https://openalex.org/W2911061076","https://openalex.org/W2916936334","https://openalex.org/W2936952658","https://openalex.org/W2940704154","https://openalex.org/W2947066650","https://openalex.org/W2969160335","https://openalex.org/W2983291940","https://openalex.org/W2998610674","https://openalex.org/W3001677969","https://openalex.org/W3003966725","https://openalex.org/W3006645925","https://openalex.org/W3009765294","https://openalex.org/W3032896144","https://openalex.org/W3033545933","https://openalex.org/W3036280430","https://openalex.org/W3044564531","https://openalex.org/W3045147296","https://openalex.org/W3045247026","https://openalex.org/W3045900364","https://openalex.org/W3089042511","https://openalex.org/W3114653318","https://openalex.org/W3127070432","https://openalex.org/W3130583971","https://openalex.org/W3161960687","https://openalex.org/W3214201050","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6674353491","https://openalex.org/W6684903796","https://openalex.org/W6744597730","https://openalex.org/W6773848130","https://openalex.org/W6774481320","https://openalex.org/W6779816031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369528593","https://openalex.org/W2385629811","https://openalex.org/W2638735979","https://openalex.org/W2111510641","https://openalex.org/W2386795888","https://openalex.org/W1968995436","https://openalex.org/W2382389562","https://openalex.org/W2054875742","https://openalex.org/W2056216430","https://openalex.org/W3088486721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reliable":[1],"land":[2,13,25,90,131],"cover":[3,14,26,91,132,157],"(LC)":[4],"map":[5],"is":[6,22],"essential":[7],"for":[8,58,65,99,109,152,161],"planners,":[9],"as":[10,55],"missing":[11],"proper":[12],"maps":[15,158],"may":[16],"deviate":[17],"a":[18],"project.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21],"focusing":[23],"on":[24],"classification":[27],"and":[28,35,47,61,68,75,83,101],"prediction":[29,70],"using":[30],"three":[31],"well":[32],"known":[33],"classifiers":[34],"remote":[36],"sensing":[37],"data.":[38],"Maximum":[39],"Likelihood":[40],"classifier":[41],"(MLC),":[42],"Spectral":[43],"Angle":[44],"Mapper":[45],"(SAM),":[46],"Support":[48],"Vector":[49],"Machines":[50],"(SVMs)":[51],"algorithms":[52],"are":[53],"used":[54,87,128],"the":[56,110,165],"representatives":[57],"parametric,":[59],"non-parametric":[60],"subpixel":[62],"capable":[63],"methods":[64],"change":[66,69],"detection":[67],"of":[71,80,136],"Urmia":[72],"City":[73],"(Iran)":[74],"its":[76],"suburbs.":[77],"Landsat":[78],"images":[79],"2000,":[81],"2010,":[82],"2020":[84],"have":[85],"been":[86],"to":[88,129,173],"provide":[89],"information.":[92],"The":[93,113],"results":[94],"demonstrated":[95],"0.93\u20130.94":[96],"overall":[97],"accuracies":[98],"MLC":[100,114,137],"SVMs\u2019":[102,119],"algorithms,":[103],"but":[104],"it":[105],"was":[106,127,138],"around":[107],"0.79":[108],"SAM":[111],"algorithm.":[112],"performed":[115],"slightly":[116,149],"better":[117],"than":[118,140,175],"classifier.":[120],"Cellular":[121],"Automata":[122],"Artificial":[123],"neural":[124],"network":[125],"method":[126],"predict":[130],"changes.":[133],"Overall":[134],"accuracy":[135],"higher":[139],"others":[141],"at":[142],"about":[143],"0.94":[144],"accuracy,":[145],"although,":[146],"SVMs":[147],"were":[148,159],"more":[150,174],"accurate":[151],"large":[153],"area":[154],"segments.":[155],"Land":[156],"predicted":[160],"2030,":[162],"which":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"city\u2019s":[166],"expansion":[167],"from":[168],"5500":[169],"ha":[170,177],"in":[171,178],"2000":[172],"9000":[176],"2030.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}