{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176462473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","title":"Forest Fire Hazards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment in Sirmaur District Forest of Himachal Pradesh (India): A Geospatial Approach","display_name":"Forest Fire Hazards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment in Sirmaur District Forest of Himachal Pradesh (India): A Geospatial Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176462473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","mag":"3176462473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/447/pdf?version=1625050066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/447/pdf?version=1625050066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008419041","display_name":"Jagpal Singh Tomar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91894341","display_name":"Gyan Vihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/048q3sh29","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagpal Singh Tomar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069765602","display_name":"Nikola Kranj\u010di\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Kranj\u010di\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova aleja 7, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-9440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova aleja 7, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004932969","display_name":"Bojan \u0110urin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojan \u0110urin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021295428","display_name":"Shruti Kanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-5493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91894341","display_name":"Gyan Vihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/048q3sh29","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shruti Kanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-5493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075633987","display_name":"Suraj Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-2804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91894341","display_name":"Gyan Vihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/048q3sh29","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-2804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91894341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069765602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.0607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94306693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"447","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.617318868637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.5359742045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.513654887676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5041326284408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4978601932525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.49130621552467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4610092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4081763029098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.38338562846183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2967039942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.2067670226097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14618375897407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12032568454742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.08819830417633057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.617318868637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5359742045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.513654887676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5041326284408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4978601932525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.49130621552467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4610092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4081763029098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.38338562846183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2967039942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.2067670226097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14618375897407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12032568454742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.08819830417633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/447/pdf?version=1625050066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:897e6cd7f25e417e892c1261ca6ea26a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/897e6cd7f25e417e892c1261ca6ea26a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 447 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/7/447/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 447","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070447","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/447/pdf?version=1625050066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176462473.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534822136","https://openalex.org/W1570151611","https://openalex.org/W1977004800","https://openalex.org/W1979218299","https://openalex.org/W1984049691","https://openalex.org/W1984118990","https://openalex.org/W1994043372","https://openalex.org/W1995166384","https://openalex.org/W1995703554","https://openalex.org/W2013346416","https://openalex.org/W2018120147","https://openalex.org/W2041998669","https://openalex.org/W2048577341","https://openalex.org/W2093546548","https://openalex.org/W2128922224","https://openalex.org/W2166803434","https://openalex.org/W2383032501","https://openalex.org/W2490073894","https://openalex.org/W2554824744","https://openalex.org/W2579092170","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2585768725","https://openalex.org/W3165275369","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634142542","https://openalex.org/W6653902338","https://openalex.org/W6678895869","https://openalex.org/W6710236435","https://openalex.org/W6722783649","https://openalex.org/W6796015395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W4318028252","https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W3155483442","https://openalex.org/W4214818710","https://openalex.org/W4296970743","https://openalex.org/W4205665237","https://openalex.org/W2365031108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,100,169,225],"Himachal":[1],"Pradesh":[2],"district\u2019s":[3],"biggest":[4],"natural":[5],"disaster":[6],"is":[7],"the":[8,38,59,158,174,182,188,200,206,219,222,256],"forest":[9,18,87,121,237,245],"fire.":[10],"Forest":[11],"fire":[12,122,151,246],"threat":[13],"evaluation,":[14],"model":[15,124],"construction,":[16],"and":[17,43,46,53,91,98,106,161,181,248,252],"management":[19],"using":[20,83,125,147,177],"geographic":[21],"information":[22],"system":[23],"techniques":[24],"will":[25],"be":[26,139],"important":[27],"in":[28,141,173,187,205,231],"this":[29],"proposed":[30],"report.":[31],"A":[32],"simulation":[33],"was":[34,55,131,154,171,185,204],"conducted":[35],"to":[36,57,133,156,166,208,212,227,233],"evaluate":[37,58],"driving":[39],"forces":[40],"of":[41,145,176,190,199,218,221],"fires":[42],"their":[44],"movement,":[45],"a":[47,120,129,142],"hybrid":[48],"strategy":[49],"for":[50,78,102,236,244,255],"wildfire":[51],"control":[52],"geostatistics":[54],"developed":[56],"impact":[60],"on":[61,72,110],"forests.":[62],"various":[64,111],"methods":[65],"we":[66],"included":[67],"herein":[68],"are":[69,108,115,230],"those":[70],"based":[71],"information,":[73],"such":[74,84],"as":[75,86,260],"knowledge-based":[76],"AHP-crisp":[77],"figuring":[79],"out":[80,135],"forest-fire":[81,103],"risk,":[82],"variables":[85],"type,":[88],"topography,":[89],"land-use":[90],"land":[92],"cover,":[93],"geology,":[94],"geomorphology,":[95],"settlement,":[96],"drainage,":[97],"road.":[99],"models":[101],"ignition,":[104],"progression,":[105],"action":[107],"built":[109],"spatial":[112],"scales,":[113],"which":[114],"three-dimensional":[116],"layers.":[117],"To":[118],"create":[119],"risk":[123,159],"three":[126,148],"different":[127],"methods,":[128,180],"study":[130],"made":[132],"find":[134],"how":[136],"much":[137],"could":[138],"lost":[140],"certain":[143],"amount":[144],"time":[146],"samples.":[149],"Precedent":[150],"mapping":[152],"validation":[153],"used":[155,165],"produce":[157],"maps,":[160],"ground":[162],"truths":[163],"were":[164,258],"verify":[167],"them.":[168],"accuracy":[170],"highest":[172],"form":[175],"\u201cknowledge":[178],"base\u201d":[179],"predictive":[183],"value":[184],"lowest":[186],"use":[189],"an":[191],"analytic":[192],"hierarchy":[193],"process":[194],"or":[195],"AHP":[196],"(crisp).":[197],"Half":[198],"area,":[201],"about":[202,216],"53.92%,":[203],"low-risk":[207],"no-risk":[209],"zones.":[210],"Very-high-":[211],"high-risk":[213,234],"zones":[214,235],"cover":[215],"24.66%":[217],"area":[220],"Sirmaur":[223],"district.":[224],"middle":[226],"northwest":[228],"regions":[229],"very-high-":[232],"fires.":[238],"These":[239],"effects":[240],"have":[241],"been":[242],"studied":[243],"suppression":[247],"management.":[249],"Management,":[250],"planning,":[251],"abatement":[253],"steps":[254],"future":[257],"offered":[259],"suitable":[261],"solutions.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}