{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173482922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","title":"Exploring Allometric Scaling Relations between Fractal Dimensions of Metro Networks and Economic, Environmental and Social Indicators: A Case Study of 26 Cities in China","display_name":"Exploring Allometric Scaling Relations between Fractal Dimensions of Metro Networks and Economic, Environmental and Social Indicators: A Case Study of 26 Cities in China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173482922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","mag":"3173482922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/429/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/429/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021545074","display_name":"Tian Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035586725","display_name":"Qian Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-035X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427216","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6055-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060482766","display_name":"Xinyu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7979-4082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775907","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-2466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040013151","display_name":"Zhicheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1108-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhicheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035586725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.4496,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62783393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"429","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allometry","display_name":"Allometry","score":0.934441089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.5753792524337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5526047945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4793485105037689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.47756344079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.4690822660923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.44305533170700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.41832372546195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.36313992738723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3357742428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.21001169085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.14726054668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.13698327541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0937584936618805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153026981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519888","display_name":"Allometry","level":2,"score":0.934441089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.5753792524337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5526047945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4793485105037689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.47756344079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4690822660923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.44305533170700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.41832372546195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.36313992738723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3357742428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21001169085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14726054668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13698327541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0937584936618805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/429/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e3ed7438b3d34458b371abef42b0bbe9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e3ed7438b3d34458b371abef42b0bbe9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 429 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/91482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/91482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/7/429/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 429","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10070429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070429","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/7/429/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329535","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173482922.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173482922.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540499649","https://openalex.org/W1580670247","https://openalex.org/W1908856424","https://openalex.org/W1969324628","https://openalex.org/W1978393907","https://openalex.org/W1988397621","https://openalex.org/W2001972951","https://openalex.org/W2014691388","https://openalex.org/W2032588811","https://openalex.org/W2057728542","https://openalex.org/W2064326033","https://openalex.org/W2065823208","https://openalex.org/W2087408727","https://openalex.org/W2091433434","https://openalex.org/W2111369595","https://openalex.org/W2130869088","https://openalex.org/W2134883062","https://openalex.org/W2151768357","https://openalex.org/W2157503452","https://openalex.org/W2161291053","https://openalex.org/W2161613665","https://openalex.org/W2286975157","https://openalex.org/W2295737355","https://openalex.org/W2322485772","https://openalex.org/W2327926489","https://openalex.org/W2343564101","https://openalex.org/W2374650008","https://openalex.org/W2509514612","https://openalex.org/W2516800471","https://openalex.org/W2519645958","https://openalex.org/W2556868819","https://openalex.org/W2620643032","https://openalex.org/W2769918300","https://openalex.org/W2795639042","https://openalex.org/W2796439489","https://openalex.org/W2918299857","https://openalex.org/W2922849514","https://openalex.org/W2945532502","https://openalex.org/W2963445241","https://openalex.org/W2980648790","https://openalex.org/W2982617655","https://openalex.org/W3018835178","https://openalex.org/W3099375011","https://openalex.org/W3104123328","https://openalex.org/W3105385292","https://openalex.org/W3134728682","https://openalex.org/W3145387973","https://openalex.org/W4250469214","https://openalex.org/W6738406036","https://openalex.org/W6759865218","https://openalex.org/W7005770924","https://openalex.org/W7074564838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394117909","https://openalex.org/W2896054214","https://openalex.org/W2355197944","https://openalex.org/W2017118246","https://openalex.org/W332578827","https://openalex.org/W2354661593","https://openalex.org/W2382240109","https://openalex.org/W2368475191","https://openalex.org/W2391311021","https://openalex.org/W2389188284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Allometric":[0],"scaling":[1,9],"originates":[2],"in":[3,56,93,97,185,197],"biology,":[4],"where":[5],"it":[6],"refers":[7],"to":[8],"relations":[10,33,61,86,113,155,176],"between":[11,41,87],"the":[12,19,22,42,77,130,135,198],"size":[13,20],"of":[14,21,44,80,107,138,144,166,189,201],"a":[15,123],"body":[16,24],"part":[17],"and":[18,47,83,90,134,149,160,168],"whole":[23],"when":[25],"an":[26],"organism":[27],"grows.":[28],"In":[29,69],"cities,":[30],"various":[31],"allometric":[32,60,85,112,154,175],"have":[34],"also":[35],"been":[36],"discovered,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39,76],"those":[40],"complexity":[43,78],"traffic":[45,54],"networks":[46,51,55,64,109],"urban":[48,91,195],"quantities.":[49],"Metro":[50],"are":[52],"typical":[53],"cities.":[57,202],"However,":[58],"whether":[59],"with":[62,114,122,156,179,194],"metro":[63,81,108,180,191],"exist":[65,178],"is":[66,183],"still":[67],"uncertain.":[68],"this":[70],"study,":[71],"\u201cfractal":[72],"dimension\u201d":[73],"was":[74,102],"employed":[75],"measure":[79],"networks,":[82,181],"potential":[84],"fractal":[88,105],"dimensions":[89,106],"indicators":[92],"26":[94],"main":[95],"cities":[96],"China":[98],"were":[99],"explored.":[100],"It":[101],"found":[103],"that":[104,174],"had":[110],"positive":[111],"gross":[115],"domestic":[116],"product":[117],"(GDP),":[118],"population,":[119],"particulate":[120],"matter":[121],"diameter":[124],"less":[125],"than":[126],"2.5":[127],"microns":[128],"(PM2.5),":[129],"road":[131],"congestion":[132],"index":[133],"average":[136],"price":[137],"second-hand":[139],"housing":[140],"(with":[141,163],"Spearman\u2019s":[142,164],"R":[143,165],"0.789,":[145],"0.806,":[146],"0.273,":[147],"0.625":[148],"0.335,":[150],"respectively)":[151],"but":[152],"inverse":[153],"sulfur":[157],"dioxide":[158],"(SO2)":[159],"residential":[161],"satisfaction":[162],"\u22120.270":[167],"\u22120.419,":[169],"respectively).":[170],"Such":[171],"discoveries":[172],"imply":[173],"do":[177],"which":[182],"helpful":[184],"deepening":[186],"our":[187],"understanding":[188],"how":[190],"systems":[192],"interact":[193],"quantities":[196],"self-organized":[199],"evolution":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
