{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169677723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","title":"Paradigm of Geological Mapping of the Ad\u0131yaman Fault Zone of Eastern Turkey Using Landsat 8 Remotely Sensed Data Coupled with PCA, ICA, and MNFA Techniques","display_name":"Paradigm of Geological Mapping of the Ad\u0131yaman Fault Zone of Eastern Turkey Using Landsat 8 Remotely Sensed Data Coupled with PCA, ICA, and MNFA Techniques","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169677723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","mag":"3169677723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10060368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/368/pdf?version=1622536007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/368/pdf?version=1622536007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014673220","display_name":"Abdelrahman Khalifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3606-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["EG","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey","Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009424584","display_name":"Bashar Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashar Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036446001","display_name":"Ziyadin \u00c7ak\u0131r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3050-5619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyadin \u00c7akir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039290109","display_name":"\u015e. Kaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-0492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u015einasi Kaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013317676","display_name":"Abdullah Alsalman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alsalman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050824545","display_name":"Ahmed Henaish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Henaish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Cairo 44519, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Cairo 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014673220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183","https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.6593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91514033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"368","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7378121018409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithology","display_name":"Lithology","score":0.6826202273368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6556174755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5210058689117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geologic-map","display_name":"Geologic map","score":0.45047977566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4433212876319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonics","display_name":"Tectonics","score":0.44307181239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alluvium","display_name":"Alluvium","score":0.42028123140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geochemistry","display_name":"Geochemistry","score":0.25551289319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.2305225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.22119802236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09225991368293762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7378121018409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122792734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538759","display_name":"Lithology","level":2,"score":0.6826202273368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6556174755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5210058689117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82586738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193842","display_name":"Geologic map","level":2,"score":0.45047977566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4433212876319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.44307181239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69823785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6185405","display_name":"Alluvium","level":2,"score":0.42028123140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25551289319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2305225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.22119802236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09225991368293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10060368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/368/pdf?version=1622536007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1363ce0b0f04ccab74f9d12442094a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1363ce0b0f04ccab74f9d12442094a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 368 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/6/368/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 6; Pages: 368","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/64727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/64727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10060368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/368/pdf?version=1622536007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2921070042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2020/29","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855766620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239988234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Riyadh","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169677723.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169677723.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122388130","https://openalex.org/W610654354","https://openalex.org/W1044299615","https://openalex.org/W1569360278","https://openalex.org/W1963607549","https://openalex.org/W1971488501","https://openalex.org/W1989209040","https://openalex.org/W2003691420","https://openalex.org/W2040686721","https://openalex.org/W2056282404","https://openalex.org/W2074734447","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2109115094","https://openalex.org/W2109205984","https://openalex.org/W2115451699","https://openalex.org/W2127229869","https://openalex.org/W2127267696","https://openalex.org/W2136625467","https://openalex.org/W2155497755","https://openalex.org/W2324167749","https://openalex.org/W2513182766","https://openalex.org/W2545573415","https://openalex.org/W2607084038","https://openalex.org/W2740102474","https://openalex.org/W2798216400","https://openalex.org/W2938077904","https://openalex.org/W2948252024","https://openalex.org/W2965160754","https://openalex.org/W3006722261","https://openalex.org/W3022175436","https://openalex.org/W3032526345","https://openalex.org/W3080569105","https://openalex.org/W6667260076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365951008","https://openalex.org/W2359496214","https://openalex.org/W2383724031","https://openalex.org/W1983070964","https://openalex.org/W4309047080","https://openalex.org/W4310275134","https://openalex.org/W2358967818","https://openalex.org/W1975632186","https://openalex.org/W4385606723","https://openalex.org/W3127989972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"principal":[1],"and":[2,7,9,46,49,80,82,100,141,175,199,206,214,233],"independent":[3],"component":[4],"analysis":[5,14],"(PCA":[6],"ICA)":[8],"a":[10],"minimum":[11],"noise":[12],"fraction":[13],"(MNFA)":[15],"were":[16],"applied":[17,218],"in":[18,34,61,144,209,223],"this":[19],"study":[20,146,187],"to":[21,219,231],"Landsat":[22],"8":[23],"Operational":[24],"Land":[25],"Imager":[26],"(OLI)":[27],"images":[28,94,167],"along":[29],"the":[30,41,47,77,83,89,97,105,111,121,134,139,145,154,161,164,178,193,196,224,227,234],"Ad\u0131yaman":[31,155,179],"fault":[32,44,156],"zone":[33,157],"Eastern":[35],"Turkey.":[36],"These":[37],"analyses":[38],"indicated":[39,75],"that":[40,76,110,172],"lithologic":[42,151],"units,":[43,123],"patterns,":[45],"morphological":[48],"structural":[50,142,207],"features":[51],"can":[52,216],"be":[53,217],"mapped":[54],"highly":[55],"accurately":[56],"by":[57,177],"using":[58],"spectral-matching":[59],"techniques":[60],"regions":[62,221],"where":[63,226],"rocks":[64],"are":[65,173,201],"well":[66],"exposed.":[67],"An":[68],"inspection":[69],"of":[70,104,153,163],"all":[71],"possible":[72],"band":[73,86,107,114,130],"combinations":[74,87,108],"PCA":[78],"134":[79],"231":[81],"ICA":[84],"132":[85],"give":[88],"best":[90,135],"false":[91],"color":[92],"composite":[93],"for":[95,119,137,204],"identifying":[96],"lithological":[98,122,205],"units":[99,127],"contacts.":[101],"The":[102,148],"findings":[103],"MNFA":[106,112,129,200],"show":[109],"521":[113],"combination":[115],"also":[116],"is":[117,229,237],"robust":[118],"discriminating":[120],"particularly":[124],"Quaternary":[125,184],"clastic":[126],"(colluvium/alluvium).":[128],"1":[131],"alone":[132],"provides":[133],"image":[136],"tracing":[138],"tectonic":[140,212],"elements":[143],"area.":[147],"new":[149],"up-to-date":[150],"map":[152],"we":[158],"produced":[159],"upon":[160],"interpretation":[162],"processed":[165],"OLI":[166,194],"reveals":[168],"several":[169],"river":[170],"channels":[171],"offset":[174],"beheaded":[176],"fault,":[180],"which":[181],"verifies":[182],"its":[183],"activity.":[185],"This":[186],"demonstrated":[188],"that,":[189],"when":[190],"used":[191],"with":[192],"data,":[195],"PCA,":[197],"ICA,":[198],"very":[202],"powerful":[203],"mapping":[208],"actively":[210],"deforming":[211],"zones":[213],"hence":[215],"other":[220],"elsewhere":[222],"world":[225],"climate":[228],"arid":[230],"semiarid,":[232],"vegetation":[235],"cover":[236],"scarce.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}