{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138321540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","title":"Coupling Degree between the Demand and Supply of Bus Services at Stops: A Density-Based Approach","display_name":"Coupling Degree between the Demand and Supply of Bus Services at Stops: A Density-Based Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138321540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","mag":"3138321540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10030173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/3/173/pdf?version=1616557290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/3/173/pdf?version=1616557290","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387278","display_name":"Bowen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026418593","display_name":"Zhengdong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengdong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China","School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005361369","display_name":"Jizhe Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-7456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhe Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086655207","display_name":"Wenshu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-7907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenshu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086373792","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-3640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026418593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.2736,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87817891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"173","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.6948620676994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-and-demand","display_name":"Supply and demand","score":0.5940952897071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5764982104301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5264528393745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5208021402359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.48495200276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4719373881816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-of-service","display_name":"Level of service","score":0.44292333722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3052111566066742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22116565704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18988612294197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1308598816394806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12593328952789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.10346519947052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08391773700714111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.6948620676994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.5940952897071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5764982104301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5264528393745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5208021402359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.48495200276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4719373881816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58037377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92785211","display_name":"Level of service","level":2,"score":0.44292333722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3052111566066742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22116565704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18988612294197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1308598816394806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12593328952789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.10346519947052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08391773700714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10030173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/3/173/pdf?version=1616557290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:924e83b3bc7949738afbcdc7a4d4ddfc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/924e83b3bc7949738afbcdc7a4d4ddfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 173 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/3/173/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 173","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10030173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/3/173/pdf?version=1616557290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2085770771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71961137003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652382567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B1212030009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8326040521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314154","display_name":"Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138321540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138321540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89041677","https://openalex.org/W1471495039","https://openalex.org/W1967055096","https://openalex.org/W1971013464","https://openalex.org/W1975740324","https://openalex.org/W1980340871","https://openalex.org/W1981828589","https://openalex.org/W1989186238","https://openalex.org/W1992357233","https://openalex.org/W2009186354","https://openalex.org/W2015217984","https://openalex.org/W2025576747","https://openalex.org/W2029976727","https://openalex.org/W2035025666","https://openalex.org/W2047255134","https://openalex.org/W2055443335","https://openalex.org/W2062228041","https://openalex.org/W2063877484","https://openalex.org/W2065964860","https://openalex.org/W2083276001","https://openalex.org/W2086260676","https://openalex.org/W2093622315","https://openalex.org/W2100147696","https://openalex.org/W2103297031","https://openalex.org/W2103994059","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2120056054","https://openalex.org/W2136502970","https://openalex.org/W2141267281","https://openalex.org/W2150806597","https://openalex.org/W2152772157","https://openalex.org/W2165535862","https://openalex.org/W2171333106","https://openalex.org/W2589971672","https://openalex.org/W2590801040","https://openalex.org/W2607334799","https://openalex.org/W2751269963","https://openalex.org/W2790660067","https://openalex.org/W2900141879","https://openalex.org/W2913943913","https://openalex.org/W2935305702","https://openalex.org/W2947125465","https://openalex.org/W2949116535","https://openalex.org/W2949834313","https://openalex.org/W2992252237","https://openalex.org/W6771108667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W2411761929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,99],"bus":[1,12,18,68,71,85,88,97,153,165],"stop":[2],"layout":[3],"and":[4,32,65,81,90,104,118,123],"route":[5],"deployment":[6],"may":[7],"influence":[8],"the":[9,15,21,59,62,82,112,116,135,149],"efficiency":[10],"of":[11,17,23,61,67,84,95,137,152],"services.":[13],"Evaluating":[14],"supply":[16,66,83,119],"service":[19],"requires":[20],"consideration":[22],"demand":[24,64,75,117],"from":[25,42],"various":[26,36],"urban":[27],"activities,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"residential":[31],"job-related":[33],"activities.":[34],"Although":[35],"evaluation":[37],"methods":[38],"have":[39,167],"been":[40,168],"explored":[41],"different":[43],"perspectives,":[44],"it":[45],"remains":[46],"a":[47,53],"challenging":[48],"issue.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51,142],"proposes":[52],"spatial":[54,105,150],"statistical":[55],"approach":[56],"by":[57],"comparing":[58],"density":[60,101],"potential":[63,74],"services":[69,86,166],"at":[70,121,157,170],"stops.":[72,172],"takes":[76],"jobs-housing":[77],"locations":[78,163],"into":[79],"account,":[80],"considers":[87],"stops":[89,154],"their":[91],"associated":[92],"total":[93],"number":[94],"daily":[96],"arrivals.":[98],"kernel":[100],"estimation":[102],"(KDE)":[103],"autocorrelation":[106],"analyses":[107],"are":[108,180],"employed":[109],"to":[110,133],"investigate":[111],"coupling":[113,127],"relationship":[114],"between":[115],"densities":[120],"global":[122,158],"local":[124],"scales.":[125],"A":[126,140],"degree":[128],"index":[129],"(CDI)":[130],"is":[131,155],"constructed":[132],"standardize":[134],"measurement":[136],"demand-supply":[138],"balance.":[139],"case":[141],"in":[143],"Wuhan,":[144],"China":[145],"demonstrated":[146],"that:":[147],"(1)":[148],"distribution":[151],"reasonable":[156],"level,":[159],"(2)":[160],"Seriously":[161],"unbalanced":[162],"for":[164],"detected":[169],"several":[171],"Related":[173],"adjustments":[174],"that":[175],"can":[176],"improve":[177],"these":[178],"defects":[179],"highly":[181],"recommended.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}