{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128555629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","title":"Discovering Spatial-Temporal Indication of Crime Association (STICA)","display_name":"Discovering Spatial-Temporal Indication of Crime Association (STICA)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128555629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","mag":"3128555629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/67/pdf?version=1612679485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/67/pdf?version=1612679485","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046924337","display_name":"Chao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/03w41by72","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-4147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383312","display_name":"Lin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-3418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, School of Geographical Science and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0091, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-3418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, School of Geographical Science and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0091, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072340634","display_name":"Xiaoxing Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-5964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxing Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-5964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086660190","display_name":"Suhong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114441","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department","ror":"https://ror.org/01z3tch16","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114441"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China","School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399867","display_name":"Kai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-7557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114441","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department","ror":"https://ror.org/01z3tch16","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114441"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China","School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-7557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100383312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034","https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":1.7285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87015635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-analysis","display_name":"Crime analysis","score":0.7077664136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.5520699620246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5347705483436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5178608894348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.4904904067516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4409187138080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.43662673234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"Mediation","score":0.4294590353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-scales","display_name":"Temporal scales","score":0.420958012342453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3901635706424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3570101857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3249276578426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.2590685188770294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14552626013755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.13548365235328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12779182195663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11293405294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09605097770690918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776876444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845200","display_name":"Crime analysis","level":2,"score":0.7077664136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.5520699620246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5347705483436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5178608894348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.4904904067516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4409187138080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43662673234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.4294590353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.420958012342453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3901635706424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3570101857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3249276578426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.2590685188770294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14552626013755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13548365235328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12779182195663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11293405294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09605097770690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/67/pdf?version=1612679485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57d7d684678840a5a859f5f64cdf94f5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57d7d684678840a5a859f5f64cdf94f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 67 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/2/67/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 67","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/67/pdf?version=1612679485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2583198525","display_name":"\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u72af\u7f6a\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41171140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3370788443","display_name":"\u5e02\u5185\u5916\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u72af\u7f6a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u6a21\u62df\u68c0\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u4ee5HW\u5e02\u5165\u5ba4\u76d7\u7a83\u72af\u7f6a\u4e3a\u4f8b","funder_award_id":"42001159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G588708945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41522104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6509972312","display_name":"\u5927\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5730\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\u7a7a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u4e0e\u9632\u63a7\u4f18\u5316","funder_award_id":"41531178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128555629.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43713102","https://openalex.org/W82279976","https://openalex.org/W166741661","https://openalex.org/W221361388","https://openalex.org/W568084483","https://openalex.org/W624458644","https://openalex.org/W1007061608","https://openalex.org/W1519327417","https://openalex.org/W1536255406","https://openalex.org/W1542403326","https://openalex.org/W1978271550","https://openalex.org/W1998825983","https://openalex.org/W2003464762","https://openalex.org/W2007565794","https://openalex.org/W2017290774","https://openalex.org/W2021204860","https://openalex.org/W2028001931","https://openalex.org/W2029107725","https://openalex.org/W2050396090","https://openalex.org/W2053914242","https://openalex.org/W2056851208","https://openalex.org/W2060816485","https://openalex.org/W2061952858","https://openalex.org/W2069353112","https://openalex.org/W2072221629","https://openalex.org/W2079348248","https://openalex.org/W2080763235","https://openalex.org/W2087130323","https://openalex.org/W2088047416","https://openalex.org/W2099822580","https://openalex.org/W2109358413","https://openalex.org/W2114088565","https://openalex.org/W2117000388","https://openalex.org/W2133649345","https://openalex.org/W2137258537","https://openalex.org/W2141994409","https://openalex.org/W2145511869","https://openalex.org/W2157693069","https://openalex.org/W2465721551","https://openalex.org/W2495341044","https://openalex.org/W2503128472","https://openalex.org/W2773907781","https://openalex.org/W2913036072","https://openalex.org/W2914407865","https://openalex.org/W3013209294","https://openalex.org/W3031053999","https://openalex.org/W3084405808","https://openalex.org/W3092935656","https://openalex.org/W4206138719","https://openalex.org/W4211131047","https://openalex.org/W4237581886","https://openalex.org/W4244114427","https://openalex.org/W4249855545","https://openalex.org/W6608777584","https://openalex.org/W6626137758","https://openalex.org/W6644341389","https://openalex.org/W6677370290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2510994359","https://openalex.org/W2773721044","https://openalex.org/W2375823105","https://openalex.org/W4239845313","https://openalex.org/W2365361152","https://openalex.org/W3093840164","https://openalex.org/W587871353","https://openalex.org/W2035651628","https://openalex.org/W2005827487","https://openalex.org/W4399678332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,108,142,182],"importance":[1],"of":[2,33,45,56,83,120,128,145,152,178,191,196,215],"combining":[3,88],"spatial":[4,73,134,143],"and":[5,94,117,165,217],"temporal":[6,77,129],"aspects":[7],"has":[8,218],"been":[9],"increasingly":[10],"recognized":[11],"over":[12],"recent":[13],"years,":[14],"yet":[15],"pertinent":[16,34],"pattern":[17],"analysis":[18],"methods":[19],"in":[20,103,211,227],"place-based":[21,228],"crime":[22,78,121,130,156,202,216,229],"research":[23],"still":[24],"need":[25],"further":[26],"development":[27],"to":[28,49,69,99,161,199],"explicitly":[29],"indicate":[30],"spatial-temporal":[31,63],"localities":[32],"factors\u2019":[35],"influence":[36],"ranges.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"an":[41,104],"approach,":[42,86],"Spatial-Temporal":[43],"Indication":[44],"Crime":[46],"Association":[47],"(STICA),":[48],"facilitate":[50],"identifying":[51],"the":[52,72,84,101,114,126,138,150,176,187,206],"main":[53,115],"contributing":[54,213],"factors":[55,119,147,168,214],"crime,":[57],"which":[58,194],"are":[59,195],"operated":[60],"at":[61],"diverse":[62,76],"scales.":[64],"method\u2019s":[66],"rationale":[67],"is":[68,97,209],"progressively":[70],"discern":[71],"zones":[74,135],"with":[75,125,159],"patterns.":[79,203],"A":[80],"specific":[81],"implementation":[82],"STICA":[85,139,183,207],"by":[87],"kernel":[89],"density":[90],"estimation,":[91],"k-median-centers":[92],"clustering,":[93],"thematic":[95],"mapping,":[96],"applied":[98],"understand":[100],"burglary":[102],"urban":[105],"peninsula,":[106],"China.":[107],"empirical":[109],"findings":[110],"include:":[111],"(1)":[112],"both":[113],"time-stable":[116],"time-varying":[118],"can":[122,148,169,185],"be":[123],"indicated":[124],"disparities":[127],"patterns":[131],"for":[132,154,222],"different":[133],"based":[136],"on":[137],"results.":[140],"(2)":[141],"range":[144],"these":[146],"enlighten":[149],"understanding":[151],"interactions":[153],"generating":[155],"patterns,":[157],"especially":[158],"regards":[160],"how":[162],"temporally":[163],"transient":[164],"spatially":[166,188],"global":[167],"produce":[170],"a":[171,224],"locally":[172],"crime-ridden":[173],"zone":[174],"through":[175],"mediation":[177],"stable":[179,192],"factors.":[180],"(3)":[181],"results":[184],"reveal":[186],"contextual":[189],"effects":[190],"factors,":[193],"great":[197,220],"value":[198],"improve":[200],"modeling":[201],"As":[204],"demonstrated,":[205],"approach":[208],"effective":[210],"exploring":[212],"shown":[219],"potential":[221],"providing":[223],"new":[225],"vision":[226],"research.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}