{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894273913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","title":"Do Economists Punish Less?","display_name":"Do Economists Punish Less?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894273913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","mag":"2894273913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g9040075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75/pdf?version=1538277188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75/pdf?version=1538277188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102749548","display_name":"Jonas Pilgaard Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-8385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Pilgaard Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kasper Selmar Pedersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasper Selmar Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012371330","display_name":"Alexander K. Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-1636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander K. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-1636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V 8210, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012371330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3503,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70466613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-good","display_name":"Public good","score":0.8342679738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-goods-game","display_name":"Public goods game","score":0.8320258855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-dilemma","display_name":"Social dilemma","score":0.7920477986335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-economics","display_name":"Experimental economics","score":0.7194413542747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictator-game","display_name":"Dictator game","score":0.6872537732124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-rider-problem","display_name":"Free rider problem","score":0.679809033870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punishment","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","score":0.6518480777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilemma","display_name":"Dilemma","score":0.6356291770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-reciprocity","display_name":"Strong reciprocity","score":0.6232812404632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictator","display_name":"Dictator","score":0.5424306392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.5148996114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-riding","display_name":"Free riding","score":0.5147202610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-preferences","display_name":"Social preferences","score":0.49796175956726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.48633724451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.46712830662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoners-dilemma","display_name":"Prisoner's dilemma","score":0.4552719295024872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4231400191783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4070136547088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-economics","display_name":"Positive economics","score":0.38926446437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.38750380277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.3414939045906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.29936516284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.21030011773109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.17710676789283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.17206451296806335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.8342679738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72273685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1673101","display_name":"Public goods game","level":3,"score":0.8320258855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.7920477986335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18619997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47627","display_name":"Experimental economics","level":2,"score":0.7194413542747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63477270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915979","display_name":"Dictator game","level":2,"score":0.6872537732124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196788367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499215","display_name":"Free rider problem","level":3,"score":0.679809033870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6518480777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.6356291770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31250377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509670","display_name":"Strong reciprocity","level":4,"score":0.6232812404632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183318","display_name":"Dictator","level":3,"score":0.5424306392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5148996114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85510643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500284","display_name":"Free riding","level":3,"score":0.5147202610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52820260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551312","display_name":"Social preferences","level":2,"score":0.49796175956726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.48633724451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.46712830662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113494165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41693","display_name":"Prisoner's dilemma","level":3,"score":0.4552719295024872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4231400191783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4070136547088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.38926446437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.38750380277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.3414939045906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29936516284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21030011773109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.17710676789283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17206451296806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g9040075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75/pdf?version=1538277188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/d2be4336-6de4-429d-8981-9300c49adcb8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/d2be4336-6de4-429d-8981-9300c49adcb8","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kaiser, J P, Pedersen, K S & Koch, A 2018, 'Do Economists Punish Less?', Games, vol. 9, no. 4, 75. < https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75 >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jgames:v:9:y:2018:i:4:p:75-:d:172923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a15737fb28ff4f3f8b7dc85b0f3d7092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a15737fb28ff4f3f8b7dc85b0f3d7092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 75 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/219196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/219196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/9/4/75/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d2be4336-6de4-429d-8981-9300c49adcb8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kaiser, J P, Pedersen, K S & Koch, A 2018, 'Do Economists Punish Less?', Games, vol. 9, no. 4, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g9040075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/9/4/75/pdf?version=1538277188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309928","display_name":"Aarhus Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894273913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894273913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552853363","https://openalex.org/W1562729184","https://openalex.org/W1988840588","https://openalex.org/W1988941480","https://openalex.org/W1992442661","https://openalex.org/W1996866159","https://openalex.org/W1998819003","https://openalex.org/W2003089824","https://openalex.org/W2022101385","https://openalex.org/W2047022086","https://openalex.org/W2051955285","https://openalex.org/W2069160981","https://openalex.org/W2070718800","https://openalex.org/W2077998383","https://openalex.org/W2078680628","https://openalex.org/W2089195234","https://openalex.org/W2102719910","https://openalex.org/W2122028729","https://openalex.org/W2122661675","https://openalex.org/W2124059345","https://openalex.org/W2128235768","https://openalex.org/W2129135549","https://openalex.org/W2132514839","https://openalex.org/W2133959146","https://openalex.org/W2146576574","https://openalex.org/W2154715890","https://openalex.org/W2336038673","https://openalex.org/W2468115017","https://openalex.org/W2806148433","https://openalex.org/W3122702071","https://openalex.org/W3122867100","https://openalex.org/W3123582015","https://openalex.org/W3123807625","https://openalex.org/W3124801864","https://openalex.org/W3125962602","https://openalex.org/W4244837625","https://openalex.org/W4249645838","https://openalex.org/W4254376918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159303103","https://openalex.org/W2051124701","https://openalex.org/W3123715695","https://openalex.org/W2944021774","https://openalex.org/W2755202093","https://openalex.org/W2062712819","https://openalex.org/W2894273913","https://openalex.org/W2053702612","https://openalex.org/W2550823445","https://openalex.org/W3027422615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,49,62,102],"studies":[3],"discuss":[4],"whether":[5,56,126],"and":[6,44,93],"how":[7],"economists":[8],"differ":[9],"from":[10,73,119,147],"other":[11,120,148],"disciplines":[12],"in":[13,59,66,77],"the":[14,31,47,54,78,103],"amount":[15],"that":[16,98,111,136],"they":[17],"contribute":[18],"to":[19,33,57,129,143],"public":[20,50,104],"goods.":[21,51],"We":[22,52],"view":[23],"this":[24],"debate":[25],"as":[26,81,83,141,145],"incomplete":[27],"because":[28],"it":[29],"neglects":[30],"willingness":[32],"sanction":[34],"non-cooperative":[35],"behavior,":[36],"which":[37],"is":[38],"crucial":[39],"for":[40,45],"maintaining":[41],"social":[42,79,95],"order":[43],"sustaining":[46],"provision":[48],"study":[53,75],"decision":[55],"engage":[58],"costly":[60],"punishment":[61],"a":[63,67,90,94,131],"free":[64,132],"rider":[65],"survey-based":[68],"experiment":[69],"with":[70],"1423":[71],"students":[72,113,118,138,146],"seven":[74],"areas":[76],"sciences,":[80],"well":[82],"medicine":[84],"at":[85],"Aarhus":[86],"University,":[87],"Denmark.":[88],"Using":[89],"dictator":[91],"game":[92],"dilemma":[96],"game,":[97,106],"captures":[99],"essential":[100],"features":[101],"goods":[105],"we":[107,134],"replicate":[108],"previous":[109],"findings":[110],"economics":[112,137],"give":[114],"significantly":[115],"less":[116],"than":[117],"disciplines.":[121,149],"However,":[122],"when":[123],"subjects":[124],"decide":[125],"or":[127],"not":[128],"punish":[130,144],"rider,":[133],"find":[135],"are":[139],"just":[140],"likely":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-10T07:45:09.275182","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}