{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586299624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","title":"The Welfare Cost of Signaling","display_name":"The Welfare Cost of Signaling","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586299624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","mag":"2586299624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/11/pdf?version=1486630173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/11/pdf?version=1486630173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101574259","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6585-9463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I258800397","display_name":"New York University Shanghai","ror":"https://ror.org/02vpsdb40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I258800397","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics Department, University of Missouri, 901 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211-1140, USA","Economics area, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics Department, University of Missouri, 901 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211-1140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics area, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I258800397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002821583","display_name":"Ronald M. Harstad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Harstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics Department, University of Missouri, 901 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211-1140, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics Department, University of Missouri, 901 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211-1140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002821583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70347895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.791952908039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signaling-game","display_name":"Signaling game","score":0.708486795425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6500601768493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.6261875629425049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.5984153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.5718224048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","score":0.5436898469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare","display_name":"Welfare","score":0.5380081534385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.48560231924057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4832106828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4506256878376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.4385475516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheap-talk","display_name":"Cheap talk","score":0.41854721307754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-utility-hypothesis","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","score":0.3300333023071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19082045555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.13696524500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10342434048652649}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.791952908039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62658633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086723","display_name":"Signaling game","level":2,"score":0.708486795425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6500601768493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6261875629425049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5984153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5718224048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129915516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083550","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.5436898469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5380081534385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.48560231924057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4832106828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4506256878376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4385475516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106485872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5088884","display_name":"Cheap talk","level":2,"score":0.41854721307754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.3300333023071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19082045555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.13696524500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10342434048652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/11/pdf?version=1486630173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jgames:v:8:y:2017:i:1:p:11-:d:89765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/11/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f649485cd544ff9ad97668f09622148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f649485cd544ff9ad97668f09622148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 11 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/168013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/168013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/8/1/11/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 11","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/11/pdf?version=1486630173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2586299624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2586299624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600848790","https://openalex.org/W1706113742","https://openalex.org/W1900002979","https://openalex.org/W1998191601","https://openalex.org/W2045404932","https://openalex.org/W2102045068","https://openalex.org/W2115747715","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W2160003140","https://openalex.org/W2161213647","https://openalex.org/W3123656034","https://openalex.org/W3124431755","https://openalex.org/W6635881541","https://openalex.org/W6637693184","https://openalex.org/W6639635198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122205373","https://openalex.org/W4320233788","https://openalex.org/W3121154558","https://openalex.org/W2165263141","https://openalex.org/W2124839190","https://openalex.org/W4250007077","https://openalex.org/W3124026440","https://openalex.org/W2015877203","https://openalex.org/W4285553224","https://openalex.org/W4288630086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Might":[0],"the":[1,26,60],"resource":[2,38],"costliness":[3],"of":[4,44,52],"making":[5],"signals":[6],"credible":[7],"be":[8,58,103],"low":[9],"or":[10,86],"negligible?":[11],"Using":[12],"a":[13,21,30,37,49,67,72,94,104,110,113],"job":[14],"market":[15],"as":[16,40],"an":[17,33,41,55,63],"example,":[18],"we":[19],"build":[20],"signaling":[22],"model":[23],"to":[24,28,65,70,79,102,109],"determine":[25],"extent":[27],"which":[29],"transfer":[31],"from":[32],"applicant":[34,90,97],"might":[35],"replace":[36],"cost":[39],"equilibrium":[42],"method":[43],"achieving":[45],"signal":[46],"credibility.":[47],"Should":[48],"\ufb01rm\u2019s":[50],"announcement":[51],"hiring":[53],"for":[54,112],"open":[56],"position":[57],"believed,":[59],"\ufb01rm":[61],"has":[62],"incentive":[64],"use":[66],"properly-calibrated":[68],"fee":[69],"implement":[71],"separating":[73],"equilibrium.":[74,115],"The":[75],"result":[76],"is":[77,99],"robust":[78],"institutional":[80],"changes,":[81],"outside":[82],"options,":[83],"many":[84,87],"\ufb01rms":[85],"applicants":[88],"and":[89],"risk":[91],"aversion,":[92],"though":[93],"suf\ufb01ciently":[95,100],"risk-averse":[96],"who":[98],"likely":[101],"high":[105],"type":[106],"may":[107],"lead":[108],"preference":[111],"pooling":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2017-02-17T00:00:00"}
