{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557570630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","title":"Cognitive Hierarchy Theory and Two-Person Games","display_name":"Cognitive Hierarchy Theory and Two-Person Games","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557570630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","mag":"2557570630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/1/pdf?version=1483434697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/1/pdf?version=1483434697","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024733682","display_name":"Carlos Gracia-L\u00e1zaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-8796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Gracia-L\u00e1zaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-8796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113502150","display_name":"L. M. Flor\u0131\u0301a","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Flor\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica de la Materia Condensada, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de la Materia Condensada, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084793824","display_name":"Yamir Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yamir Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-1893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084793824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.9777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95722034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.6181809306144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-game-theory","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","score":0.5943847894668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5941134691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.505817174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.4671613276004791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.465656578540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.44828546047210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4439052641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4038703441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.390461802482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.26633137464523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19513219594955444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.6181809306144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102234262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320931","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","level":4,"score":0.5943847894668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5941134691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.505817174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4671613276004791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.465656578540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.44828546047210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4439052641391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4038703441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.390461802482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26633137464523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19513219594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/1/pdf?version=1483434697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:033665566d0b45f3b73fff24ad2116f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/033665566d0b45f3b73fff24ad2116f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 1 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/168011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/168011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/8/1/1/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 1","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g8010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g8010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/8/1/1/pdf?version=1483434697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6416490620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"317532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7798545764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 317532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0425pg203"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557570630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557570630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1415442047","https://openalex.org/W1488556245","https://openalex.org/W1515288151","https://openalex.org/W1575244154","https://openalex.org/W1626837244","https://openalex.org/W1713503745","https://openalex.org/W1765769326","https://openalex.org/W1960351623","https://openalex.org/W1988054626","https://openalex.org/W1999118892","https://openalex.org/W2011353069","https://openalex.org/W2023072224","https://openalex.org/W2036083037","https://openalex.org/W2042573467","https://openalex.org/W2057667118","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2071659625","https://openalex.org/W2077091446","https://openalex.org/W2085728653","https://openalex.org/W2106713015","https://openalex.org/W2114765979","https://openalex.org/W2120586058","https://openalex.org/W2122253967","https://openalex.org/W2126593087","https://openalex.org/W2159128667","https://openalex.org/W2345335135","https://openalex.org/W2485923670","https://openalex.org/W2917696162","https://openalex.org/W2987072834","https://openalex.org/W3122279284","https://openalex.org/W3122492475","https://openalex.org/W3124871979","https://openalex.org/W4211095127","https://openalex.org/W4211108372","https://openalex.org/W4248343814","https://openalex.org/W4252488326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276575217","https://openalex.org/W190963404","https://openalex.org/W2141950114","https://openalex.org/W3139383627","https://openalex.org/W2039104542","https://openalex.org/W4210868699","https://openalex.org/W4372324527","https://openalex.org/W2134321370","https://openalex.org/W4214679513","https://openalex.org/W4377081010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"outcome":[1],"of":[2,24,37,49,92,101,125,150,169],"many":[3],"social":[4],"and":[5,58,68],"economic":[6],"interactions,":[7],"such":[8,53],"as":[9,54,97],"stock-market":[10],"transactions,":[11],"is":[12],"strongly":[13],"determined":[14],"by":[15,135],"the":[16,22,35,74,79,86,98,108,112,148,151,166,170],"predictions":[17],"that":[18,40,85,164],"agents":[19],"make":[20],"about":[21],"behavior":[23,93],"other":[25],"individuals.":[26],"Cognitive":[27],"hierarchy":[28,81,172],"theory":[29,51],"provides":[30],"a":[31,90,137,157],"framework":[32],"to":[33,43,72,78,106,111,147],"model":[34,158],"consequences":[36],"forecasting":[38],"accuracy":[39],"has":[41],"proven":[42],"fit":[44],"data":[45],"from":[46],"certain":[47],"types":[48],"game":[50,88,131],"experiments,":[52],"Keynesian":[55],"beauty":[56],"contests":[57],"entry":[59],"games.":[60],"Here,":[61],"we":[62,116,155],"focus":[63],"on":[64,160],"symmetric":[65],"two-player-two-action":[66],"games":[67],"establish":[69],"an":[70,161],"algorithm":[71],"find":[73],"players\u2019":[75],"strategies":[76],"according":[77],"cognitive":[80,99,114,171],"approach.":[82],"We":[83],"show":[84],"snowdrift":[87,126,130],"exhibits":[89],"pattern":[91],"whose":[94],"complexity":[95],"grows":[96],"levels":[100],"players":[102],"increases.":[103],"In":[104],"addition":[105],"finding":[107],"solutions":[109],"up":[110],"third":[113],"level,":[115],"demonstrate,":[117],"in":[118],"this":[119],"theoretical":[120],"frame,":[121],"two":[122],"new":[123],"properties":[124],"games:":[127],"(i)":[128],"any":[129],"can":[132],"be":[133],"characterized":[134],"only":[136],"parameter,":[138],"its":[139],"class;":[140],"(ii)":[141],"they":[142],"are":[143],"anti-symmetric":[144],"with":[145],"respect":[146],"diagonal":[149],"pay-off\u2019s":[152],"space.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"propose":[156],"based":[159],"evolutionary":[162],"dynamics":[163],"captures":[165],"main":[167],"features":[168],"theory.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-12-08T00:00:00"}
