{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1926119587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","title":"Commitment to Cooperation and Peer Punishment: Its Evolution","display_name":"Commitment to Cooperation and Peer Punishment: Its Evolution","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1926119587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","mag":"1926119587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g6040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/6/4/574/pdf?version=1446557855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/6/4/574/pdf?version=1446557855","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042865349","display_name":"Tatsuya Sasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-1389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Sasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-1389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046969974","display_name":"Isamu Okada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-2668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088637","display_name":"Soka University","ror":"https://ror.org/003qdfg20","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088637"]}],"countries":["AT","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isamu Okada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan","Department of Information Systems and Operations, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna 1020, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Operations, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna 1020, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102882419","display_name":"Satoshi Uchida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-9638"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Uchida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, RINRI Institute, Tokyo 101-8385, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, RINRI Institute, Tokyo 101-8385, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733435","display_name":"Xiaojie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042865349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":14.0446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9831459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"574","last_page":"587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punishment","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","score":0.854864776134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.7830470204353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-rider-problem","display_name":"Free rider problem","score":0.6463337540626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicator-equation","display_name":"Replicator equation","score":0.5915365815162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donation","display_name":"Donation","score":0.5488390326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4390876889228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.43004918098449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-game-theory","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","score":0.41985493898391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4023831784725189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3705590069293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.366542786359787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33012187480926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-good","display_name":"Public good","score":0.28813016414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20074397325515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11001798510551453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.854864776134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7830470204353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196788367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499215","display_name":"Free rider problem","level":3,"score":0.6463337540626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50318809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145081","display_name":"Replicator equation","level":3,"score":0.5915365815162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.5488390326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4390876889228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.43004918098449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298789","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","level":3,"score":0.41985493898391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4023831784725189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3705590069293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.366542786359787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33012187480926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.28813016414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20074397325515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11001798510551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g6040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/6/4/574/pdf?version=1446557855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:info:fedora/oai:univie.ac.at:o:448279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:448279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401993","display_name":"Phaidra (Universit\u00e4t Wien)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","host_organization_name":"University of Vienna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:2073-4336","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:295f8cbbb18c452cb5d480f6c0edb7c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/295f8cbbb18c452cb5d480f6c0edb7c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 574-587 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/167960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/167960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/6/4/574/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g6040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g6040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/6/4/574/pdf?version=1446557855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087749048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"26330387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2757966387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61503062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045510246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P27018-G11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6100532448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61503062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7013964349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61503062 and 61203374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8559905993","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u7528\u54c1\u535a\u5f08\u7fa4\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61203374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1926119587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1926119587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11883387","https://openalex.org/W212974771","https://openalex.org/W279965673","https://openalex.org/W352944420","https://openalex.org/W563071635","https://openalex.org/W578022010","https://openalex.org/W1569485442","https://openalex.org/W1620802917","https://openalex.org/W1765868291","https://openalex.org/W1985340978","https://openalex.org/W1995925511","https://openalex.org/W1996519441","https://openalex.org/W2012615693","https://openalex.org/W2015799090","https://openalex.org/W2019593420","https://openalex.org/W2035791902","https://openalex.org/W2047022086","https://openalex.org/W2055324442","https://openalex.org/W2062076727","https://openalex.org/W2063728994","https://openalex.org/W2067354545","https://openalex.org/W2071212584","https://openalex.org/W2078069212","https://openalex.org/W2085728653","https://openalex.org/W2114340103","https://openalex.org/W2116843687","https://openalex.org/W2117479950","https://openalex.org/W2129135549","https://openalex.org/W2133772963","https://openalex.org/W2137421683","https://openalex.org/W2147570389","https://openalex.org/W2151151192","https://openalex.org/W2155753204","https://openalex.org/W2160949486","https://openalex.org/W2168194430","https://openalex.org/W2171043258","https://openalex.org/W2175723801","https://openalex.org/W2226396244","https://openalex.org/W2320062441","https://openalex.org/W2753514269","https://openalex.org/W2898811725","https://openalex.org/W3104822309","https://openalex.org/W3122480108","https://openalex.org/W3124682720","https://openalex.org/W3124729338","https://openalex.org/W3152686726","https://openalex.org/W4233654598","https://openalex.org/W4248343814","https://openalex.org/W4248549999","https://openalex.org/W6680304127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593767881","https://openalex.org/W2360754740","https://openalex.org/W2505734641","https://openalex.org/W4297938064","https://openalex.org/W1615974028","https://openalex.org/W2384572063","https://openalex.org/W2407048069","https://openalex.org/W1605297503","https://openalex.org/W2145979805","https://openalex.org/W2989826645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Theoretical":[0],"and":[1,12,31,35,71,108,112,128,134],"empirical":[2],"studies":[3],"have":[4,86],"generally":[5],"weighed":[6],"the":[7,42,58,76,100,105,118,123,129,136],"effect":[8],"of":[9,45,52,66,125,131,142],"peer":[10,72,126,150],"punishment":[11,14,127,133,146],"pool":[13,132,145],"for":[15],"sanctioning":[16,22],"free":[17,37,110],"riders":[18,111],"separately.":[19],"However,":[20],"these":[21,46],"mechanisms":[23,49],"often":[24],"pose":[25],"a":[26,64,89],"puzzling":[27],"tradeoff":[28],"between":[29],"efficiency":[30,124],"stability":[32,130],"in":[33,50,104],"detecting":[34],"punishing":[36],"riders.":[38],"Here,":[39],"we":[40,62,79],"combine":[41],"key":[43],"aspects":[44],"qualitatively":[47],"different":[48,143],"terms":[51],"evolutionary":[53],"game":[54,107],"theory.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57],"dilemmatic":[59],"donation":[60,106],"game,":[61],"introduce":[63],"strategy":[65],"commitment":[67,77,120,148],"to":[68,84,87,140,147,149],"both":[69,122],"cooperation":[70],"punishment.":[73,151],"To":[74],"make":[75,88],"credible,":[78],"assume":[80],"that":[81,117,135],"those":[82],"willing":[83],"commit":[85],"certain":[90],"deposit.":[91],"The":[92],"deposit":[93],"will":[94],"be":[95],"refunded":[96],"as":[97,99],"long":[98],"committers":[101],"faithfully":[102],"cooperate":[103],"punish":[109],"non-committers.":[113],"It":[114],"turns":[115],"out":[116],"deposit-based":[119],"offers":[121],"replicator":[137],"dynamics":[138],"lead":[139],"transitions":[141],"systems:":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}