{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380686013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14030049","title":"Gender and Risk Aversion: Evidence from a Natural Experiment","display_name":"Gender and Risk Aversion: Evidence from a Natural Experiment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380686013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14030049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14030049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14030049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/3/49/pdf?version=1686722223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/3/49/pdf?version=1686722223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013067637","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Pacheco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["REMIT\u2014Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Universidade Portucalense, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 541-619, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REMIT\u2014Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Universidade Portucalense, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 541-619, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069372224","display_name":"J\u00falio Lob\ufffd\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-9648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00falio Lob\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management and CEF.UP, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-9648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management and CEF.UP, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082622857","display_name":"S\u00edlvia Castro Coelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-3358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00edlvia Coelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013067637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.0664,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87517434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"49","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regret","display_name":"Regret","score":0.8145906925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","score":0.7754241824150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.5992639064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-utility-hypothesis","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","score":0.5452346205711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-aversion","display_name":"Loss aversion","score":0.5303806662559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospect-theory","display_name":"Prospect theory","score":0.44975608587265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-economics","display_name":"Experimental economics","score":0.4216083288192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4158182740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32298147678375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.32026445865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16239479184150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.12421309947967529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50817715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79895177","display_name":"Regret","level":2,"score":0.8145906925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129915516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083550","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.7754241824150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5992639064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.5452346205711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778174566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2874240","display_name":"Loss aversion","level":2,"score":0.5303806662559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C339426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151839","display_name":"Prospect theory","level":2,"score":0.44975608587265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18619997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47627","display_name":"Experimental economics","level":2,"score":0.4216083288192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4158182740211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32298147678375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.32026445865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16239479184150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.12421309947967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14030049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14030049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/3/49/pdf?version=1686722223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/330042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/330042","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/330042/1/games-14-00049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98d75f86cfb545438f33ea808b520b8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98d75f86cfb545438f33ea808b520b8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 49 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/14/3/49/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g14030049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 49","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/150091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/150091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401934","display_name":"Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","host_organization_name":"Universidade do Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.upt.pt:11328/4847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14030049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14030049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/3/49/pdf?version=1686722223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8460110008","display_name":"REMIT - Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies","funder_award_id":"UIDB/05105/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380686013.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20182383","https://openalex.org/W73295681","https://openalex.org/W128099841","https://openalex.org/W581403203","https://openalex.org/W1493940892","https://openalex.org/W1512758851","https://openalex.org/W1569268126","https://openalex.org/W1585581575","https://openalex.org/W1591469929","https://openalex.org/W1830413089","https://openalex.org/W1963749026","https://openalex.org/W1964451859","https://openalex.org/W2000228957","https://openalex.org/W2002522734","https://openalex.org/W2010081256","https://openalex.org/W2011343318","https://openalex.org/W2022476188","https://openalex.org/W2026217192","https://openalex.org/W2027032394","https://openalex.org/W2039022470","https://openalex.org/W2039223548","https://openalex.org/W2043922800","https://openalex.org/W2081311202","https://openalex.org/W2087814949","https://openalex.org/W2090789917","https://openalex.org/W2090887078","https://openalex.org/W2092896545","https://openalex.org/W2131399347","https://openalex.org/W2135915381","https://openalex.org/W2137296414","https://openalex.org/W2144383963","https://openalex.org/W2163055737","https://openalex.org/W2167101419","https://openalex.org/W2178801168","https://openalex.org/W2264897026","https://openalex.org/W2914197967","https://openalex.org/W3086457269","https://openalex.org/W3122251079","https://openalex.org/W3123512382","https://openalex.org/W3123542774","https://openalex.org/W3124509947","https://openalex.org/W3124980525","https://openalex.org/W3125449343","https://openalex.org/W3126127406","https://openalex.org/W3159319052","https://openalex.org/W4205920101","https://openalex.org/W4285227249","https://openalex.org/W4405853961","https://openalex.org/W6605260466","https://openalex.org/W6629649112","https://openalex.org/W6630551876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124883707","https://openalex.org/W2038907256","https://openalex.org/W2291061850","https://openalex.org/W2895316822","https://openalex.org/W3125492612","https://openalex.org/W2146750665","https://openalex.org/W2603071944","https://openalex.org/W2105963123","https://openalex.org/W2051376026","https://openalex.org/W3124082432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,49,65,102,169],"theoretical":[1],"literature":[2],"on":[3,125],"risk":[4,54,108,126,156],"aversion":[5,55,109,173],"and":[6,71,83,120,149,174],"Expected":[7],"Utility":[8],"Theory":[9],"is":[10,45,104,129],"extensive;":[11],"however,":[12],"the":[13,35,39,59,80,107,118,121,145,152],"analysis":[14],"of":[15,34,38,61,85,98,111,123,155],"this":[16,26],"behaviour":[17],"with":[18],"natural":[19],"experiments":[20],"could":[21,142],"be":[22],"more":[23,136,165],"comprehensive.":[24],"In":[25],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,141,159],"use":[29],"data":[30],"from":[31,48,113],"120":[32],"episodes":[33],"Portuguese":[36],"version":[37],"TV":[40],"game":[41,67],"show":[42],"Price":[44],"Right,":[46],"namely":[47],"Wheel":[50,66],"game,":[51],"to":[52,79,93,105,116],"explore":[53],"as":[56,58],"well":[57],"impact":[60],"gender":[62,124],"in":[63],"decision-making.":[64],"has":[68],"straightforward":[69],"rules":[70],"huge":[72],"expected":[73],"payoffs.":[74],"All":[75],"contestants":[76,163],"have":[77,151,160],"access":[78],"same":[81,153],"information":[82],"distributions":[84],"uncertainty,":[86],"making":[87],"it":[88],"a":[89,130],"unique":[90],"field":[91],"laboratory":[92],"conduct":[94],"an":[95],"experimental":[96],"test":[97],"rational":[99],"decision":[100],"theory.":[101],"objective":[103],"infer":[106],"levels":[110],"decision-makers":[112],"their":[114],"choice":[115],"turn":[117],"wheel":[119],"influence":[122],"attitudes.":[127],"There":[128],"widespread":[131],"view":[132],"that":[133,147,162,178],"women":[134,148],"are":[135,164],"risk-averse":[137,166],"than":[138,167],"men.":[139],"However,":[140],"not":[143],"reject":[144],"hypothesis":[146],"men":[150],"level":[154],"aversion.":[157],"Nevertheless,":[158],"evidence":[161],"risk-seeking.":[168],"omission":[170],"bias,":[171],"loss":[172],"regret":[175],"can":[176],"explain":[177],"behaviour.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2023-06-15T00:00:00"}