{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362469730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14020030","title":"Robust Satisfaction of Metric Interval Temporal Logic Objectives in Adversarial Environments","display_name":"Robust Satisfaction of Metric Interval Temporal Logic Objectives in Adversarial Environments","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362469730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14020030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/2/30/pdf?version=1680178562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/2/30/pdf?version=1680178562","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018806127","display_name":"Luyao Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-5522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luyao Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Security Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Security Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052064870","display_name":"Bhaskar Ramasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52669646","display_name":"Western Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wn7r715","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar Ramasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004774385","display_name":"Andrew Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-6186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079723268","display_name":"Radha Poovendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-8097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radha Poovendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Security Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Security Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018806127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07044919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"30","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7013334631919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6691794991493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48305875062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4581209421157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4426892101764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.4251860976219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.4184657335281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28297358751296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2224888801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10451307892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09321191906929016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7013334631919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6691794991493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48305875062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4581209421157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4426892101764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.4251860976219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.4184657335281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28297358751296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2224888801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10451307892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09321191906929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/2/30/pdf?version=1680178562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/330023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/330023","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/330023/1/games-14-00030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jgames:v:14:y:2023:i:2:p:30-:d:1112039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/2/30/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ddabf1883b04b6a9d1f69b2b2ea2170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ddabf1883b04b6a9d1f69b2b2ea2170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 30 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4336/14/2/30/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g14020030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Games; Volume 14; Issue 2; Pages: 30","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/g14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/14/2/30/pdf?version=1680178562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6552842","display_name":"Games","issn_l":"2073-4336","issn":["2073-4336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6177982274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-20-1-2636","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6582112626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-22-1-0054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6934291839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-20-1-0074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362469730.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1977562524","https://openalex.org/W1991821078","https://openalex.org/W2007748737","https://openalex.org/W2049399166","https://openalex.org/W2049696538","https://openalex.org/W2055959255","https://openalex.org/W2059470663","https://openalex.org/W2088716439","https://openalex.org/W2101508170","https://openalex.org/W2101780609","https://openalex.org/W2110579257","https://openalex.org/W2117079884","https://openalex.org/W2139301602","https://openalex.org/W2151958719","https://openalex.org/W2158930753","https://openalex.org/W2168569373","https://openalex.org/W2233433391","https://openalex.org/W2293862360","https://openalex.org/W2315534112","https://openalex.org/W2346757583","https://openalex.org/W2524638160","https://openalex.org/W2735898698","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2795231670","https://openalex.org/W2963119323","https://openalex.org/W2963199590","https://openalex.org/W2963714625","https://openalex.org/W2972745796","https://openalex.org/W2996365869","https://openalex.org/W3002605405","https://openalex.org/W3088325990","https://openalex.org/W3104654558","https://openalex.org/W3107932368","https://openalex.org/W4230527288","https://openalex.org/W4286001025","https://openalex.org/W4304547391","https://openalex.org/W6629836980","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6704139216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361804730","https://openalex.org/W1535650191","https://openalex.org/W2142113611","https://openalex.org/W2334467465","https://openalex.org/W2087870008","https://openalex.org/W2162534555","https://openalex.org/W2752178021","https://openalex.org/W2107419853","https://openalex.org/W2143024819","https://openalex.org/W4247159817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,21,35,75,99,105,112,119,134,141,155,159,175,186,194,205,214,218],"synthesis":[4],"of":[5,23,65,95,126,154,161,182,188,216,224],"controllers":[6,171],"for":[7],"cyber-physical":[8],"systems":[9],"(CPSs)":[10],"that":[11,42,115,172],"are":[12],"required":[13],"to":[14,91,102,132,169,197,203,212,234],"carry":[15],"out":[16],"complex":[17],"time-sensitive":[18,27],"tasks":[19],"in":[20,34,44,71,147],"presence":[22,187],"an":[24,162],"adversary.":[25],"The":[26],"task":[28,177],"is":[29,77,116,227],"specified":[30],"as":[31,51,208],"a":[32,63,72,93,180,189,199,209,230],"formula":[33],"metric":[36],"interval":[37],"temporal":[38],"logic":[39],"(MITL).":[40],"CPSs":[41],"operate":[43],"adversarial":[45],"environments":[46],"have":[47],"typically":[48],"been":[49],"abstracted":[50],"stochastic":[52,85],"games":[53,86],"(SGs);":[54],"however,":[55],"because":[56],"traditional":[57],"SG":[58],"models":[59],"do":[60],"not":[61],"incorporate":[62,92],"notion":[64,94],"time,":[66],"they":[67],"cannot":[68],"be":[69,145],"used":[70],"setting":[73],"where":[74],"objective":[76],"time-sensitive.":[78],"To":[79],"address":[80],"this,":[81],"we":[82,165,192],"introduce":[83],"durational":[84],"(DSGs).":[87],"DSGs":[88],"generalize":[89],"SGs":[90],"time":[96,150],"and":[97,110,129,149],"model":[98],"adversary\u2019s":[100],"abilities":[101],"tamper":[103],"with":[104,179],"control":[106],"input":[107],"(actuator":[108],"attack)":[109],"manipulate":[111],"timing":[113,190],"information":[114],"perceived":[117],"by":[118,136],"CPS":[120,206],"(timing":[121],"attack).":[122],"We":[123],"define":[124],"notions":[125],"spatial,":[127],"temporal,":[128],"spatio-temporal":[130],"robustness":[131,195],"quantify":[133],"amounts":[135],"which":[137],"system":[138],"trajectories":[139],"under":[140],"synthesized":[142],"policy":[143,207],"can":[144],"perturbed":[146],"space":[148],"without":[151],"affecting":[152],"satisfaction":[153],"MITL":[156,176,219],"objective.":[157],"In":[158,185],"case":[160],"actuator":[163],"attack,":[164,191],"design":[166],"computational":[167],"procedures":[168],"synthesize":[170],"will":[173],"satisfy":[174],"along":[178],"guarantee":[181],"its":[183],"robustness.":[184],"relax":[193],"constraint":[196],"develop":[198],"value":[200],"iteration-based":[201],"procedure":[202],"compute":[204],"finite-state":[210],"controller":[211],"maximize":[213],"probability":[215],"satisfying":[217],"task.":[220],"A":[221],"numerical":[222],"evaluation":[223],"our":[225,236],"approach":[226],"presented":[228],"on":[229],"signalized":[231],"traffic":[232],"network":[233],"illustrate":[235],"results.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
