{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770463775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","title":"Behavioural Verification: Preventing Report Fraud in Decentralized Advert Distribution Systems","display_name":"Behavioural Verification: Preventing Report Fraud in Decentralized Advert Distribution Systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770463775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","mag":"2770463775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9040088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/4/88/pdf?version=1511191704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/4/88/pdf?version=1511191704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047315384","display_name":"Stylianos Mamais","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos Mamais","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Roath, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Roath, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042246090","display_name":"George Theodorakopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-7809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Theodorakopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Roath, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-7809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Roath, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047315384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":526,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":567},"fwci":0.8324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81380201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"88","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8782144784927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.535905659198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.43165555596351624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8782144784927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.535905659198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43165555596351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9040088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/4/88/pdf?version=1511191704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:106925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:88-:d:119638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/4/88/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e244f752ba7d436db91f141d097d015b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e244f752ba7d436db91f141d097d015b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 88 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/9/4/88/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 9; Issue 4; Pages: 88","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9040088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/4/88/pdf?version=1511191704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41981323","https://openalex.org/W840179425","https://openalex.org/W1507066631","https://openalex.org/W1978829214","https://openalex.org/W2025827699","https://openalex.org/W2064987260","https://openalex.org/W2115026336","https://openalex.org/W2152980518","https://openalex.org/W2293863768","https://openalex.org/W2474779295","https://openalex.org/W2593459944","https://openalex.org/W2610064040","https://openalex.org/W2611628127","https://openalex.org/W6632452292","https://openalex.org/W6862240463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Service":[0],"commissions,":[1],"which":[2,51,67,104,205],"are":[3,9,16],"claimed":[4],"by":[5,81,87],"Ad-Networks":[6],"and":[7,71,150,168],"Publishers,":[8],"susceptible":[10],"to":[11,18,53,77,164,178],"forgery":[12],"as":[13,127,143,181],"non-human":[14],"operators":[15],"able":[17],"artificially":[19],"create":[20],"fictitious":[21],"traffic":[22],"on":[23,38,108],"digital":[24],"platforms":[25],"for":[26,97,161],"the":[27,101,171,187,190,212],"purpose":[28],"of":[29,45,121,174,189],"committing":[30],"financial":[31],"fraud.":[32],"This":[33],"places":[34],"a":[35,72,94,118,133,194,200],"significant":[36],"strain":[37],"Advertisers":[39],"who":[40,129,192],"have":[41],"no":[42],"effective":[43],"means":[44],"differentiating":[46],"fabricated":[47],"Ad-Reports":[48,80,180],"from":[49],"those":[50],"correspond":[52],"real":[54,182],"consumer":[55],"activity.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59],"problem,":[60],"we":[61,169],"contribute":[62],"an":[63],"advert":[64],"reporting":[65],"system":[66,99,198],"utilizes":[68],"opportunistic":[69],"networking":[70],"blockchain-inspired":[73],"construction":[74],"in":[75,103,138,176],"order":[76,177],"identify":[78],"authentic":[79],"determining":[82,186],"whether":[83],"they":[84,105],"were":[85],"composed":[86],"honest":[88,124,166],"or":[89,183],"dishonest":[90,162],"users.":[91,154],"What":[92],"constitutes":[93],"user\u2019s":[95,213],"honesty":[96,188],"our":[98,197],"is":[100,159],"manner":[102],"access":[106],"adverts":[107,131],"their":[109],"mobile":[110],"device.":[111],"Dishonest":[112],"users":[113,125,163,175],"submit":[114],"multiple":[115],"reports":[116],"over":[117],"short":[119],"period":[120],"time":[122],"while":[123,136,209],"behave":[126],"consumers":[128],"view":[130],"at":[132],"balanced":[134],"pace":[135],"engaging":[137],"typical":[139],"social":[140],"activities":[141],"such":[142],"purchasing":[144],"goods":[145],"online,":[146],"moving":[147],"through":[148],"space":[149],"interacting":[151],"with":[152],"other":[153],"We":[155],"argue":[156],"that":[157],"it":[158],"hard":[160],"fake":[165],"behaviour":[167],"exploit":[170],"behavioural":[172],"patterns":[173],"classify":[179],"fabricated.":[184],"By":[185],"user":[191],"submitted":[193],"particular":[195],"report,":[196],"offers":[199],"more":[201],"secure":[202],"reward-claiming":[203],"model":[204],"protects":[206],"against":[207],"fraud":[208],"still":[210],"preserving":[211],"anonymity.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}