{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2744175682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","title":"A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on SVD in the Spatial Domain","display_name":"A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on SVD in the Spatial Domain","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2744175682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","mag":"2744175682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/45/pdf?version=1503540663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/45/pdf?version=1503540663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101998957","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-5432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-5432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015144801","display_name":"Chengyou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-2492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengyou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-2492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036693904","display_name":"Xiao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-7379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-7379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015144801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":1.9518,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90492041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9581162929534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.8416275978088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.7730242013931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7492474317550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7489862442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6756724119186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5127114057540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value","display_name":"Singular value","score":0.4434041380882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4398227632045746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37792959809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36935240030288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23541826009750366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9581162929534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.8416275978088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.7730242013931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7492474317550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7489862442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6756724119186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5127114057540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109282560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4166054","display_name":"Singular value","level":3,"score":0.4434041380882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4398227632045746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37792959809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36935240030288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23541826009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/45/pdf?version=1503540663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:45-:d:107277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/45/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2987ff5131ac4dcb8722196de815fea7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2987ff5131ac4dcb8722196de815fea7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 45 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/9/3/45/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 9; Issue 3; Pages: 45","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi9030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/45/pdf?version=1503540663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190259552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2954172322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2015PF004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2744175682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2744175682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1896001907","https://openalex.org/W1974032200","https://openalex.org/W1975410544","https://openalex.org/W1988513601","https://openalex.org/W1989172893","https://openalex.org/W1996466252","https://openalex.org/W2005295549","https://openalex.org/W2030753971","https://openalex.org/W2048212551","https://openalex.org/W2057515749","https://openalex.org/W2081631343","https://openalex.org/W2084897383","https://openalex.org/W2103320971","https://openalex.org/W2105882490","https://openalex.org/W2106154558","https://openalex.org/W2111274176","https://openalex.org/W2131559909","https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2151978535","https://openalex.org/W2156023754","https://openalex.org/W2203655836","https://openalex.org/W2208096094","https://openalex.org/W2470727891","https://openalex.org/W2588334082","https://openalex.org/W6676620671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2389681530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,25,43,48,78,83,95,103,111,130,139,148,151,162,181],"development":[2],"of":[3,10,85,114,134,150],"image":[4,120,136],"processing":[5],"technology,":[6],"copyright":[8],"protection":[9],"digital":[11,27],"images":[12],"has":[13,171,192],"become":[14],"an":[15,22],"urgent":[16],"problem":[17,184],"to":[18,146],"be":[19],"solved.":[20],"As":[21],"effective":[23],"method,":[24],"robust":[26,37,119],"watermarking":[28,38,62,97,121,153,166,189],"technique":[29],"emerges":[30],"at":[31],"a":[32,118,124],"historic":[33],"moment.":[34],"Currently,":[35],"most":[36],"schemes":[39,190],"are":[40,144],"performed":[41],"in":[42,138,186],"transform":[44,51],"domains,":[45],"such":[46,70],"as":[47,71],"discrete":[49],"cosine":[50],"(DCT)":[52],"and":[53,74,87,99,110,191],"singular":[54,132],"value":[55,133],"decomposition":[56],"(SVD).":[57],"Compared":[58],"with":[59,82,161],"spatial":[60,104,140],"domain":[61,165],"schemes,":[63,167],"these":[64],"methods":[65],"have":[66],"achieved":[67],"good":[68,173],"performance,":[69],"better":[72],"robustness":[73,174],"higher":[75],"security.":[76],"However,":[77],"computational":[79,194],"complexity":[80],"increases":[81],"use":[84],"forward":[86],"reverse":[88],"transforms.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91,108],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,116],"analyze":[94],"SVD-based":[96,188],"scheme":[98,122],"its":[100],"impact":[101],"on":[102,107],"domain.":[105,141],"Based":[106],"analysis":[109],"mathematical":[112],"characteristics":[113],"SVD,":[115],"present":[117],"where":[123],"binary":[125],"watermark":[126],"is":[127],"embedded":[128],"into":[129],"largest":[131],"each":[135],"block":[137],"Several":[142],"experiments":[143],"conducted":[145],"verify":[147],"performance":[149],"proposed":[152,169],"scheme.":[154],"The":[155],"experimental":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"compared":[160],"existing":[163,185],"SVD":[164],"our":[168],"method":[170],"maintained":[172],"against":[175],"various":[176],"attacks.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"it":[179],"avoids":[180],"false":[182],"positive":[183],"traditional":[187],"lower":[193],"complexity.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2017-08-17T00:00:00"}