{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075598345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","title":"The Street Network Evolution of Crowdsourced Maps: OpenStreetMap in Germany 2007\u20132011","display_name":"The Street Network Evolution of Crowdsourced Maps: OpenStreetMap in Germany 2007\u20132011","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075598345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","mag":"2075598345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi4010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/pdf?version=1325155931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/pdf?version=1325155931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016430025","display_name":"Pascal Neis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-796X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Neis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoinformatics Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Berliner Street 48, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoinformatics Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Berliner Street 48, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026083858","display_name":"Dennis Zielstra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129924","display_name":"University of Fort Lauderdale","ror":"https://ror.org/03k9yfc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129924"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Zielstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomatics Program, University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics Program, University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129924","https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091474205","display_name":"Alexander Zipf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Zipf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoinformatics Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Berliner Street 48, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoinformatics Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Berliner Street 48, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016430025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":109.1218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":395,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99944151,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8707377910614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.5069168210029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3775915503501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3423735499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23127630352973938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8707377910614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5069168210029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3775915503501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3423735499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23127630352973938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi4010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/pdf?version=1325155931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:4:y:2011:i:1:p:1-21:d:15466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e58911ba85cc4129ad2ab5e86e6b1f16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e58911ba85cc4129ad2ab5e86e6b1f16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/4/1/1/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 4; Issue 1; Pages: 1-21","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi4010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/pdf?version=1325155931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075598345.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075598345.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11029949","https://openalex.org/W107688095","https://openalex.org/W1486351174","https://openalex.org/W1581541037","https://openalex.org/W1839833241","https://openalex.org/W1886337131","https://openalex.org/W1968545881","https://openalex.org/W1997903435","https://openalex.org/W2008627710","https://openalex.org/W2012986027","https://openalex.org/W2022664803","https://openalex.org/W2027979434","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2072155800","https://openalex.org/W2082216607","https://openalex.org/W2092885355","https://openalex.org/W2101084510","https://openalex.org/W2102302334","https://openalex.org/W2118096631","https://openalex.org/W2141923802","https://openalex.org/W2168722326","https://openalex.org/W2171186474","https://openalex.org/W2183638101","https://openalex.org/W2187835492","https://openalex.org/W2257903775","https://openalex.org/W2310173804","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W6638828001","https://openalex.org/W6686214234","https://openalex.org/W6948468707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,118],"OpenStreetMap":[1],"(OSM)":[2],"project":[3],"is":[4,69],"a":[5,34,78,82,88,108,206],"prime":[6],"example":[7],"in":[8,50,62,77,105,115,153,189,202],"the":[9,26,30,39,46,53,73,95,98,124,133,137,154,157,161,173,177,187,193],"field":[10],"of":[11,45,87,90,120,156,163],"Volunteered":[12],"Geographic":[13],"Information":[14],"(VGI).":[15],"Worldwide,":[16],"several":[17],"hundred":[18],"thousand":[19],"people":[20],"are":[21],"currently":[22],"contributing":[23],"information":[24,134],"to":[25,172,205],"\u201cfree\u201d":[27],"geodatabase.":[28],"However,":[29],"data":[31],"contributions":[32],"show":[33,93,144],"geographically":[35],"heterogeneous":[36],"pattern":[37],"around":[38],"globe.":[40],"Germany":[41,106,197],"counts":[42],"as":[43],"one":[44],"most":[47],"active":[48],"countries":[49],"OSM;":[51],"thus,":[52],"German":[54],"street":[55,74,100,126,158,167],"network":[56,75,101,127],"has":[57],"undergone":[58],"an":[59],"extensive":[60],"development":[61],"recent":[63],"years.":[64],"question":[66],"that":[67,94,129],"remains":[68],"this:":[70],"How":[71],"does":[72],"perform":[76],"relative":[79,203],"comparison":[80,204],"with":[81,152],"commercial":[83,207],"dataset?":[84],"By":[85],"means":[86],"variety":[89],"studies,":[91],"we":[92],"difference":[96],"between":[97],"OSM":[99,130,194],"for":[102,196],"car":[103],"navigation":[104],"and":[107,160,166],"comparable":[109],"proprietary":[110,138],"dataset":[111,139,195],"was":[112],"only":[113],"9%":[114],"June":[116],"2011.":[117],"results":[119],"our":[121],"analysis":[122],"regarding":[123],"entire":[125],"showed":[128],"even":[131],"exceeds":[132],"provided":[135],"by":[136,140,191],"27%.":[141],"Further":[142],"analyses":[143,174],"on":[145],"what":[146],"scale":[147],"errors":[148],"can":[149,198],"be":[150,199],"reckoned":[151],"topology":[155],"network,":[159],"completeness":[162],"turn":[164],"restrictions":[165],"name":[168],"information.":[169],"In":[170],"addition":[171],"conducted":[175],"over":[176],"past":[178],"few":[179],"years,":[180],"projections":[181],"have":[182],"additionally":[183],"been":[184],"made":[185],"about":[186],"point":[188],"time":[190],"which":[192],"considered":[200],"\u201ccomplete\u201d":[201],"dataset.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
