{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148467689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi3030185","title":"Internet as Digital Practice: Examining Differences in African American Internet Usage","display_name":"Internet as Digital Practice: Examining Differences in African American Internet Usage","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148467689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi3030185","mag":"2148467689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi3030185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi3030185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/3/3/185/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/3/3/185/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046971555","display_name":"Roderick S. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-6620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53118340","display_name":"Rhode Island College","ror":"https://ror.org/01k5gt570","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roderick Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53118340","https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039788322","display_name":"Danielle Taana Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danielle Taana Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039788322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73766803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"185","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.8301444053649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"Digital divide","score":0.7615512609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6244974732398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5793569087982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.559302031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-users","display_name":"Internet users","score":0.47995856404304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4799545109272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.46604645252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american","display_name":"African american","score":0.4384404718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.42079484462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32903623580932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.2230747938156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.17939028143882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07528197765350342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.8301444053649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.7615512609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6244974732398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5793569087982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.559302031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019036681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"Internet users","level":3,"score":0.47995856404304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4799545109272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.46604645252227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.4384404718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.42079484462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32903623580932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2230747938156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17939028143882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07528197765350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi3030185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi3030185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/3/3/185/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:sociology_criminaljustice_fac_pubs-1046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_fac_pubs/46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196314","display_name":"ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","host_organization_name":"Old Dominion University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e52e3549b784c889273e0a46ca475f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e52e3549b784c889273e0a46ca475f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 185-203 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi3030185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi3030185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/3/3/185/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148467689.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148467689.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61849110","https://openalex.org/W1487248717","https://openalex.org/W1539142549","https://openalex.org/W1571202142","https://openalex.org/W1582890910","https://openalex.org/W1584405424","https://openalex.org/W1593419087","https://openalex.org/W1873175055","https://openalex.org/W1884921489","https://openalex.org/W1971257409","https://openalex.org/W1977037734","https://openalex.org/W1982110892","https://openalex.org/W1989164040","https://openalex.org/W2019426646","https://openalex.org/W2021667459","https://openalex.org/W2021684192","https://openalex.org/W2025483215","https://openalex.org/W2045959552","https://openalex.org/W2049148123","https://openalex.org/W2054826977","https://openalex.org/W2060930615","https://openalex.org/W2068164672","https://openalex.org/W2070466626","https://openalex.org/W2071695882","https://openalex.org/W2087225066","https://openalex.org/W2097338783","https://openalex.org/W2114952805","https://openalex.org/W2115752284","https://openalex.org/W2119763912","https://openalex.org/W2121378207","https://openalex.org/W2121687882","https://openalex.org/W2146702897","https://openalex.org/W2149358269","https://openalex.org/W2156531813","https://openalex.org/W2164248370","https://openalex.org/W2168181594","https://openalex.org/W2169287042","https://openalex.org/W2171931027","https://openalex.org/W2313357659","https://openalex.org/W2612125261","https://openalex.org/W2618595138","https://openalex.org/W2749202693","https://openalex.org/W2888949376","https://openalex.org/W3121728249","https://openalex.org/W4205325953","https://openalex.org/W4205328262","https://openalex.org/W4251261563","https://openalex.org/W6602521549","https://openalex.org/W6634656824","https://openalex.org/W6685061778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480504747","https://openalex.org/W1892542483","https://openalex.org/W2110089736","https://openalex.org/W2258066416","https://openalex.org/W2155108771","https://openalex.org/W2131350681","https://openalex.org/W4252473698","https://openalex.org/W2497363873","https://openalex.org/W4283449270","https://openalex.org/W3124099282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"assesses":[2],"differences":[3],"within":[4,21],"the":[5,22,39,47,75,88,111],"African":[6,28,48,70],"American":[7,49,71,77],"population":[8,50,78,115],"with":[9],"respect":[10],"to":[11,34,68,74],"internet":[12,54],"activity.":[13],"Using":[14],"survey":[15],"data,":[16],"we":[17,41],"find":[18],"wide":[19],"variations":[20],"population.":[23],"While":[24],"some":[25],"segments":[26,45],"of":[27,46,98,114],"Americans":[29],"are":[30,51],"indeed":[31],"less":[32],"likely":[33],"perform":[35],"certain":[36,44],"activities":[37],"on":[38],"internet,":[40],"note":[42],"that":[43],"reporting":[52],"more":[53],"activity":[55],"than":[56],"other":[57],"racial":[58],"groups.":[59,116],"These":[60],"\u2018haves\u2019":[61],"score":[62],"high":[63],"not":[64],"just":[65],"in":[66],"comparison":[67],"their":[69],"peers,":[72],"but":[73],"US":[76],"as":[79,108],"a":[80,84,94,120],"whole.":[81],"We":[82,117],"suggest":[83],"move":[85,95],"away":[86],"from":[87],"digital":[89,121],"divide/digital":[90],"inequality":[91],"models":[92],"and":[93,103],"towards":[96],"thinking":[97],"greater":[99],"or":[100],"lesser":[101],"Information":[102],"Communication":[104],"Technology":[105],"(ICT)":[106],"usage":[107],"conditioned":[109],"by":[110],"instrumental":[112],"needs":[113],"term":[118],"this":[119],"practice":[122],"model.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}