{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116896538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010004","title":"A Lightweight LSTM Model for Flight Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous UAVs","display_name":"A Lightweight LSTM Model for Flight Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous UAVs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116896538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi18010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/18/1/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/18/1/4/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121059247","display_name":"Disen Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Disen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060462225","display_name":"Jonathan Kua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Kua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-5754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67735192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.3416999876499176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.3416999876499176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.16830000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.07569999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8217999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waypoint","display_name":"Waypoint","score":0.7093999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/takeoff","display_name":"Takeoff","score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.3921999931335449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8217999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8102999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781271823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138081","display_name":"Waypoint","level":2,"score":0.7093999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777717826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854248","display_name":"Takeoff","level":2,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970266","display_name":"National Airspace System","level":3,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227278","display_name":"Data-driven","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi18010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/18/1/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b096f01d9c8842de9a44ee9e976a010f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b096f01d9c8842de9a44ee9e976a010f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 18, Iss 1, p 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi18010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/18/1/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.738710343837738}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116896538.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116896538.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2602023803","https://openalex.org/W3113606752","https://openalex.org/W3133467409","https://openalex.org/W3185508362","https://openalex.org/W3201230141","https://openalex.org/W4210268007","https://openalex.org/W4220982586","https://openalex.org/W4285169850","https://openalex.org/W4313410978","https://openalex.org/W4320029460","https://openalex.org/W4367399832","https://openalex.org/W4382050877","https://openalex.org/W4385731934","https://openalex.org/W4385864094","https://openalex.org/W4387088092","https://openalex.org/W4388721038","https://openalex.org/W4390188694","https://openalex.org/W4391307314","https://openalex.org/W4391664241","https://openalex.org/W4403021775","https://openalex.org/W4406983216","https://openalex.org/W4408145964","https://openalex.org/W4410358782","https://openalex.org/W4410852225","https://openalex.org/W4410986521","https://openalex.org/W4411143489","https://openalex.org/W4413169897","https://openalex.org/W4414196994"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"Unmanned":[1],"Aerial":[2],"Vehicles":[3],"(UAVs)":[4],"are":[5,53,64],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,138,171,215],"smart":[9],"agriculture,":[10],"logistics,":[11],"and":[12,23,38,126,152,167,186,219,227],"warehouse":[13],"management,":[14],"where":[15],"precise":[16],"trajectory":[17,50,76,112,136,155],"prediction":[18,51],"is":[19],"important":[20],"for":[21,46,56,66,91,108,134,224],"safety":[22],"efficiency.":[24],"Traditional":[25],"approaches":[26],"require":[27],"complex":[28,208],"physical":[29],"modeling":[30],"including":[31],"mass":[32],"properties,":[33],"moment":[34],"of":[35,145,164],"inertia":[36],"measurements,":[37],"aerodynamic":[39],"coefficient":[40],"calculations,":[41],"which":[42,63],"creates":[43],"significant":[44],"barriers":[45],"custom-built":[47],"UAVs.":[48],"Existing":[49],"methods":[52],"primarily":[54],"designed":[55],"motion":[57],"forecasting":[58],"from":[59,78,198],"dense":[60],"historical":[61,69],"observations,":[62],"unsuitable":[65],"scenarios":[67],"lacking":[68],"data":[70],"(e.g.,":[71],"takeoff":[72],"phases)":[73],"or":[74],"requiring":[75],"generation":[77],"sparse":[79],"waypoint":[80],"specifications":[81],"(4\u20136":[82],"constraint":[83],"points).":[84],"This":[85,204],"distinction":[86],"necessitates":[87],"architectural":[88],"designs":[89],"optimized":[90],"spatial":[92],"interpolation":[93],"rather":[94],"than":[95],"temporal":[96],"extrapolation.":[97],"To":[98],"address":[99],"these":[100],"limitations,":[101],"we":[102],"present":[103],"a":[104,146,161],"segmented":[105],"LSTM":[106],"framework":[107,182],"complete":[109,129],"autonomous":[110,139],"flight":[111,120],"prediction.":[113],"Given":[114],"target":[115],"waypoints,":[116],"our":[117,181],"architecture":[118],"decomposes":[119],"operations,":[121],"predicts":[122],"different":[123],"maneuver":[124],"types,":[125],"outputs":[127],"the":[128],"trajectory,":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"new":[132],"possibilities":[133],"mission-level":[135],"planning":[137,229],"UAV":[140],"systems.":[141],"The":[142],"system":[143],"consists":[144],"global":[147],"duration":[148],"predictor":[149],"(0.124":[150],"MB)":[151],"five":[153],"segment-specific":[154],"generators":[156],"(\u223c1.17":[157],"MB":[158,166],"each),":[159],"with":[160,192],"total":[162],"size":[163],"5.98":[165],"can":[168],"be":[169],"deployed":[170],"various":[172],"edge":[173,216],"devices.":[174],"Validated":[175],"on":[176],"real":[177],"Crazyflie":[178],"2.1":[179],"data,":[180],"demonstrates":[183],"high":[184],"accuracy":[185],"provides":[187,220],"reliable":[188],"arrival":[189],"time":[190],"predictions,":[191],"an":[193,221],"Average":[194],"Displacement":[195],"Error":[196],"ranging":[197],"0.0252":[199],"m":[200],"to":[201],"0.1136":[202],"m.":[203],"data-driven":[205],"approach":[206],"avoids":[207],"parameter":[209],"configuration":[210],"requirements,":[211],"supports":[212],"lightweight":[213],"deployment":[214],"computing":[217],"environments,":[218],"effective":[222],"solution":[223],"multi-UAV":[225],"coordination":[226],"mission":[228],"applications.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-12-23T00:00:00"}