{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416188290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110518","title":"Scalable Generation of Synthetic IoT Network Datasets: A Case Study with Cooja","display_name":"Scalable Generation of Synthetic IoT Network Datasets: A Case Study with Cooja","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416188290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/518/pdf?version=1763017047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/518/pdf?version=1763017047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005769994","display_name":"Hrant Khachatrian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196551433","display_name":"Yerevan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8vne50","country_code":"AM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"]}],"countries":["AM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrant Khachatrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group, Center for Mathematical and Applied Research, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia","YerevaNN, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-5649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group, Center for Mathematical and Applied Research, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"YerevaNN, Yerevan 0025, Armenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120349853","display_name":"Aram Dovlatyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aram Dovlatyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["YerevaNN, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"YerevaNN, Yerevan 0025, Armenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104174701","display_name":"Greta Grigoryan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196551433","display_name":"Yerevan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8vne50","country_code":"AM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"]}],"countries":["AM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greta Grigoryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group, Center for Mathematical and Applied Research, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group, Center for Mathematical and Applied Research, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053569841","display_name":"Theofanis P. Raptis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-584X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theofanis P. Raptis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-584X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053569841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.197,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85620196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"518","last_page":"518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.14350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.09839999675750732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-simulation","display_name":"Network simulation","score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.37689998745918274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9175000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169851745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331985","display_name":"Overlay network","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/518/pdf?version=1763017047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8203c47a569f4eb0a44d40dd02714fff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8203c47a569f4eb0a44d40dd02714fff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 17, Iss 11, p 518 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/518/pdf?version=1763017047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7205771190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416188290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416188290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096059127","https://openalex.org/W2106710314","https://openalex.org/W2171427043","https://openalex.org/W2777551158","https://openalex.org/W2884759317","https://openalex.org/W2940680365","https://openalex.org/W2960995627","https://openalex.org/W2998895235","https://openalex.org/W3132008952","https://openalex.org/W3162929413","https://openalex.org/W3199069499","https://openalex.org/W4225147756","https://openalex.org/W4308347921","https://openalex.org/W4389056393","https://openalex.org/W4392168443","https://openalex.org/W4392553889","https://openalex.org/W4407693681"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"the":[1,36,57,112,152],"behavior":[2],"of":[3,5,38,66,74,199],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"networks":[8],"under":[9],"irregular":[10],"topologies":[11,109],"and":[12,32,63,83,110,133,161,179],"heterogeneous":[13],"battery":[14,81,138],"conditions":[15],"remains":[16],"a":[17,72,92,193],"significant":[18],"challenge.":[19],"Simulation":[20],"tools":[21],"can":[22,27],"capture":[23,123],"these":[24,173],"effects":[25],"but":[26],"require":[28],"high":[29],"manual":[30],"effort":[31],"computational":[33],"capacity,":[34],"motivating":[35],"use":[37],"machine":[39],"learning":[40],"surrogates.":[41],"This":[42],"work":[43],"introduces":[44],"an":[45],"automated":[46],"pipeline":[47],"for":[48,146,158,196],"generating":[49],"large-scale":[50],"IoT":[51,201],"network":[52,75,169],"datasets":[53,143,174],"by":[54,137],"bringing":[55],"together":[56],"Contiki-NG":[58],"firmware,":[59],"parameterized":[60],"topology":[61],"generation,":[62],"Slurm-based":[64],"orchestration":[65],"Cooja":[67,99],"simulations.":[68,188],"The":[69,121,140,189],"system":[70],"supports":[71],"variety":[73],"structures,":[76],"scalable":[77],"node":[78,160],"counts,":[79],"randomized":[80],"allocations,":[82],"routing":[84,114],"protocols":[85],"to":[86],"reproduce":[87],"diverse":[88],"failure":[89,125],"modes.":[90],"As":[91],"case":[93],"study,":[94],"we":[95],"conduct":[96],"over":[97],"10,000":[98],"simulations":[100,122],"with":[101],"15\u201375":[102],"battery-powered":[103],"motes":[104],"arranged":[105],"in":[106,119],"sparse":[107],"grid":[108],"operating":[111],"RPL":[113],"protocol,":[115],"consuming":[116],"1300":[117],"CPU-hours":[118],"total.":[120],"realistic":[124],"modes,":[126],"including":[127],"unjoined":[128],"nodes":[129],"despite":[130],"physical":[131],"connectivity":[132],"cascading":[134],"disconnects":[135],"caused":[136],"depletion.":[139],"resulting":[141],"graph-structured":[142],"are":[144],"used":[145],"two":[147],"prediction":[148],"tasks:":[149],"(1)":[150],"estimating":[151],"last":[153],"successful":[154],"message":[155],"delivery":[156],"time":[157],"each":[159],"(2)":[162],"predicting":[163],"network-wide":[164],"spatial":[165],"coverage.":[166],"Graph":[167],"neural":[168],"models":[170,178],"trained":[171],"on":[172],"outperform":[175],"baseline":[176],"regression":[177],"topology-aware":[180],"heuristics":[181],"while":[182],"evaluating":[183],"substantially":[184],"faster":[185],"than":[186],"full":[187],"proposed":[190],"framework":[191],"provides":[192],"reproducible":[194],"foundation":[195],"data-driven":[197],"analysis":[198],"energy-limited":[200],"networks.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
