{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415818552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110501","title":"Design of a Pill-Sorting and Pill-Grasping Robot System Based on Machine Vision","display_name":"Design of a Pill-Sorting and Pill-Grasping Robot System Based on Machine Vision","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415818552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/501/pdf?version=1761932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/501/pdf?version=1761932577","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073802914","display_name":"Xuejun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-244X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004424101","display_name":"JieHui Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9803-8673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadu Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101597474","display_name":"Weiguo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiguo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076175002","display_name":"Jian Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101597474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32687009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"501","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.1973000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.1973000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.094200000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.056699998676776886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.758899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smt-placement-equipment","display_name":"SMT placement equipment","score":0.3797999918460846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8529000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.758899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17511633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830694","display_name":"SMT placement equipment","level":3,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110898773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933935","display_name":"Camera resectioning","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983761899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604674","display_name":"Robot vision","level":4,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161334170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428778","display_name":"Smart camera","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/501/pdf?version=1761932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f92cb152f3f40a39ab3070bfa2b7d28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f92cb152f3f40a39ab3070bfa2b7d28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 17, Iss 11, p 501 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17110501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17110501","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/11/501/pdf?version=1761932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415818552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415818552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"developed":[1],"a":[2,21,51,91,126,144,162],"machine":[3],"vision-based":[4],"robotic":[5,28],"system":[6,68],"to":[7,139],"address":[8],"automation":[9],"challenges":[10],"in":[11],"pharmaceutical":[12,116,157],"pill":[13,76],"sorting":[14,92],"and":[15,40,46,80,90,107,159,177],"packaging.":[16],"The":[17],"hardware":[18,106],"platform":[19,36],"integrates":[20],"high-resolution":[22],"industrial":[23],"camera":[24,45],"with":[25,55],"an":[26,110],"HSR-CR605":[27],"arm.":[29],"Image":[30],"processing":[31],"leverages":[32],"the":[33,60,67,101,115,172],"VisionMaster":[34],"4.3.0":[35],"for":[37,114,156],"color":[38],"classification":[39],"positioning.":[41],"Coordinate":[42],"mapping":[43],"between":[44,174],"robot":[47],"is":[48],"established":[49],"through":[50,167],"three-point":[52],"calibration":[53],"method,":[54],"real-time":[56],"communication":[57],"realized":[58],"via":[59],"Modbus/TCP":[61],"protocol.":[62],"Experimental":[63],"validation":[64,146],"demonstrates":[65],"that":[66,151,170],"achieves":[69],"95%":[70],"recognition":[71],"accuracy":[72],"under":[73,148],"conditions":[74,150],"of":[75,83,103],"overlap":[77],"\u2264":[78],"30%":[79],"dynamic":[81],"illumination":[82],"50\u20131000":[84],"lux,":[85],"\u00b10.5":[86],"mm":[87],"picking":[88],"precision,":[89],"efficiency":[93],"of108":[94],"pills":[95],"per":[96],"minute.":[97],"These":[98],"results":[99],"confirm":[100],"feasibility":[102],"integrating":[104],"domestic":[105,128],"algorithms,":[108],"providing":[109],"efficient":[111],"automated":[112],"solution":[113],"industry.":[117],"This":[118],"work":[119],"makes":[120],"three":[121],"key":[122],"contributions:":[123],"(1)":[124],"demonstrating":[125],"cost-effective":[127],"hardware-software":[129],"integration":[130],"achieving":[131],"42%":[132],"cost":[133],"reduction":[134],"while":[135],"maintaining":[136],"comparable":[137],"performance":[138],"imported":[140],"alternatives,":[141],"(2)":[142],"establishing":[143],"systematic":[145],"methodology":[147],"industrially-relevant":[149],"provides":[152],"quantitative":[153],"robustness":[154],"metrics":[155],"automation,":[158],"(3)":[160],"offering":[161],"practical":[163],"implementation":[164],"framework":[165],"validated":[166],"multi-scenario":[168],"experiments":[169],"bridges":[171],"gap":[173],"laboratory":[175],"research":[176],"production-line":[178],"deployment.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}