{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407192166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020069","title":"Optimal 5G Network Sub-Slicing Orchestration in a Fully Virtualised Smart Company Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Optimal 5G Network Sub-Slicing Orchestration in a Fully Virtualised Smart Company Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407192166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17020069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/2/69/pdf?version=1738840207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/2/69/pdf?version=1738840207","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104774608","display_name":"Abimbola Efunogbon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abimbola Efunogbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077539659","display_name":"Enjie Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084241861","display_name":"Renxi Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-6781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renxie Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104750983","display_name":"Taiwo Efunogbon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiwo Efunogbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077539659","https://openalex.org/A5104774608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.4438,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96581004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9216691255569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.7637050151824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.7321934700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.445766806602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3295164704322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32438042759895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1627492606639862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9216691255569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.7637050151824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.7321934700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.445766806602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3295164704322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32438042759895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1627492606639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17020069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/2/69/pdf?version=1738840207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:daa37bbfd5564f1c93024fdb4f1248c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/daa37bbfd5564f1c93024fdb4f1248c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 69 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/626556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/626556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17020069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/2/69/pdf?version=1738840207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407192166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407192166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2597003067","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2612074600","https://openalex.org/W2942906005","https://openalex.org/W3016506343","https://openalex.org/W3173424115","https://openalex.org/W3188726627","https://openalex.org/W4392600587","https://openalex.org/W4401016949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W2973657051","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"Optimal":[3],"5G":[4,18,125],"Network":[5,75],"Sub-Slicing":[6],"Orchestration":[7],"(ONSSO),":[8],"a":[9,48,77,80],"novel":[10],"machine":[11,49,98],"learning":[12,33,50,99],"framework":[13,23,91],"for":[14,85,97,103],"dynamic":[15,104],"and":[16,40,64,101,122],"autonomous":[17],"network":[19,38,58,87,126],"slice":[20],"orchestration.":[21],"The":[22,90,106],"leverages":[24],"the":[25,71],"LazyPredict":[26],"module":[27],"to":[28,70],"automatically":[29],"select":[30],"optimal":[31],"supervised":[32],"algorithms":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36],"real-time":[37,115],"conditions":[39],"historical":[41],"data.":[42],"We":[43],"propose":[44],"Enhanced":[45],"Sub-Slice":[46],"(eSS),":[47],"pipeline":[51],"that":[52,109],"enables":[53],"granular":[54],"resource":[55,116],"allocation":[56],"through":[57,114],"sub-slicing,":[59],"reducing":[60,119],"service":[61,83],"denial":[62],"risks":[63],"enhancing":[65],"user":[66],"experience.":[67],"leads":[69],"introduction":[72],"of":[73],"Company":[74],"as":[76],"Service":[78],"(CNaaS),":[79],"new":[81],"enterprise":[82],"model":[84],"mobile":[86],"operators":[88],"(MNOs).":[89],"was":[92],"evaluated":[93],"using":[94],"Google":[95],"Colab":[96],"implementation":[100],"MATLAB/Simulink":[102],"testing.":[105],"results":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"ONSSO":[110],"improves":[111],"MNO":[112],"collaboration":[113],"information":[117],"sharing,":[118],"orchestration":[120],"delays":[121],"advancing":[123],"adaptive":[124],"management":[127],"solutions.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
