{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406035242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013","title":"A Blockchain-Assisted Federated Learning Framework for Secure and Self-Optimizing Digital Twins in Industrial IoT","display_name":"A Blockchain-Assisted Federated Learning Framework for Secure and Self-Optimizing Digital Twins in Industrial IoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406035242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/1/13/pdf?version=1735888810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/1/13/pdf?version=1735888810","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115757988","display_name":"Innocent B. Ababio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Innocent Boakye Ababio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093487592","display_name":"Jan Bieniek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4046-2472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Bieniek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017529726","display_name":"Mohamed Rahouti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Rahouti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059809226","display_name":"Thaier Hayajneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thaier Hayajneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034854700","display_name":"Mohammed Aledhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-6003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Aledhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077318302","display_name":"Dinesh Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1933-7343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh C. Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM TJ Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM TJ Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007232302","display_name":"Abdellah Chehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Chehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059809226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":107.0704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99966755,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8963854312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7626335620880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7073476314544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6698073148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6390422582626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4806048572063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4638376832008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33429354429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20881789922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.16529789566993713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8963854312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7626335620880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7073476314544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6698073148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6390422582626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4806048572063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4638376832008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33429354429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20881789922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.16529789566993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/1/13/pdf?version=1735888810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:1:p:13-:d:1559416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/1/13/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e15fa81b80c49b2a9aba57e6a29f097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e15fa81b80c49b2a9aba57e6a29f097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 17, Iss 1, p 13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/17/1/13/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi17010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/1/13/pdf?version=1735888810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406035242.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047847940","https://openalex.org/W3138191843","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3159080474","https://openalex.org/W3198946543","https://openalex.org/W3204249062","https://openalex.org/W3205056669","https://openalex.org/W3205239936","https://openalex.org/W3212539584","https://openalex.org/W3214761953","https://openalex.org/W4200217444","https://openalex.org/W4205745492","https://openalex.org/W4206707323","https://openalex.org/W4210725851","https://openalex.org/W4285818425","https://openalex.org/W4299554931","https://openalex.org/W4308903318","https://openalex.org/W4309735500","https://openalex.org/W4313334181","https://openalex.org/W4313479509","https://openalex.org/W4316660611","https://openalex.org/W4323065915","https://openalex.org/W4360981747","https://openalex.org/W4372055195","https://openalex.org/W4383682351","https://openalex.org/W4384284075","https://openalex.org/W4385801263","https://openalex.org/W4387054100","https://openalex.org/W4387745904","https://openalex.org/W4389617922","https://openalex.org/W4391164288","https://openalex.org/W4396877904","https://openalex.org/W4396910073","https://openalex.org/W4399168309","https://openalex.org/W4399508612","https://openalex.org/W4399802135","https://openalex.org/W4400189448","https://openalex.org/W4401806263","https://openalex.org/W4402039966","https://openalex.org/W4403182184","https://openalex.org/W4403360863","https://openalex.org/W6802288857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W4220849471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"digital":[1,19,101],"twins":[2,102],"in":[3,33,103,112],"the":[4,109],"Industrial":[5],"Internet":[6],"of":[7,23],"Things":[8],"(IIoT)":[9],"requires":[10],"secure":[11,79],"and":[12,37,49,64,82,97,116,121],"adaptable":[13],"AI":[14,59,86],"models.":[15],"The":[16,90],"IIoT":[17],"enables":[18],"twins,":[20],"virtual":[21],"replicas":[22],"physical":[24],"assets,":[25],"to":[26,53],"improve":[27],"real-time":[28],"decision-making,":[29],"but":[30],"challenges":[31],"remain":[32],"trust,":[34],"data":[35,67,80],"security,":[36,95,114],"model":[38],"accuracy.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"a":[43],"novel":[44],"framework":[45,91],"combining":[46],"blockchain":[47],"technology":[48],"federated":[50],"learning":[51],"(FL)":[52],"address":[54],"these":[55],"issues.":[56],"By":[57],"deploying":[58],"models":[60],"on":[61],"edge":[62],"devices":[63],"using":[65],"FL,":[66],"privacy":[68],"is":[69],"maintained":[70],"while":[71,84],"enabling":[72],"collaboration":[73],"across":[74],"industrial":[75,124],"assets.":[76],"Blockchain":[77],"ensures":[78],"management":[81],"transparency,":[83,93],"explainable":[85],"(XAI)":[87],"enhances":[88],"interpretability.":[89],"improves":[92],"control,":[94],"privacy,":[96],"scalability":[98],"for":[99,123],"self-optimizing":[100],"IIoT.":[104],"A":[105],"real-world":[106],"evaluation":[107],"demonstrates":[108],"framework\u2019s":[110],"effectiveness":[111],"enhancing":[113],"explainability,":[115],"optimization,":[117],"offering":[118],"improved":[119],"efficiency":[120],"reliability":[122],"operations.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
