{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405113529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120460","title":"A Novel Six-Dimensional Chimp Optimization Algorithm\u2014Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization Scheme for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Energy Harvesting in Batteryless IoT Networks","display_name":"A Novel Six-Dimensional Chimp Optimization Algorithm\u2014Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization Scheme for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Energy Harvesting in Batteryless IoT Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405113529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/460/pdf?version=1733475325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/460/pdf?version=1733475325","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097633476","display_name":"Mehrdad Shoeibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5470-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Shoeibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The WPI Business School, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The WPI Business School, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115031771","display_name":"Anita Ershadi Oskouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3090-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Ershadi Oskouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3090-4134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050443046","display_name":"Masoud Kaveh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Kaveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-8054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050443046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.9039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86485354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"460","last_page":"460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8331649303436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7582472562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.7160788178443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6165632009506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5538776516914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4662664532661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4473341703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44587400555610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3789341151714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34327101707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2848988175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18952971696853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14795726537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1209593415260315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8331649303436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7582472562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.7160788178443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6165632009506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5538776516914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4662664532661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4473341703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44587400555610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3789341151714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34327101707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2848988175392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18952971696853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14795726537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1209593415260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/460/pdf?version=1733475325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:12:p:460-:d:1538033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/460/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/132773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/0bebbf87-b803-4e46-a19f-533581b18f7f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3312dfec00bb44a7bc2555ac696cf0c5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3312dfec00bb44a7bc2555ac696cf0c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 460 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/460/pdf?version=1733475325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405113529.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405113529.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032372805","https://openalex.org/W2104250954","https://openalex.org/W2791978050","https://openalex.org/W2794996297","https://openalex.org/W2808106862","https://openalex.org/W2809640332","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990865112","https://openalex.org/W3007040893","https://openalex.org/W3026224693","https://openalex.org/W3037319227","https://openalex.org/W3057148185","https://openalex.org/W3081047238","https://openalex.org/W3083981910","https://openalex.org/W3094029285","https://openalex.org/W3117036287","https://openalex.org/W3120601984","https://openalex.org/W3121575114","https://openalex.org/W3134151912","https://openalex.org/W3164330532","https://openalex.org/W3200312993","https://openalex.org/W4220747123","https://openalex.org/W4285130865","https://openalex.org/W4292968432","https://openalex.org/W4294068592","https://openalex.org/W4297094766","https://openalex.org/W4312847278","https://openalex.org/W4317938028","https://openalex.org/W4327984269","https://openalex.org/W4376456879","https://openalex.org/W4377695283","https://openalex.org/W4386113723","https://openalex.org/W4386331859","https://openalex.org/W4386911764","https://openalex.org/W4387503455","https://openalex.org/W4387744294","https://openalex.org/W4388980202","https://openalex.org/W4389169579","https://openalex.org/W4389252750","https://openalex.org/W4390237272","https://openalex.org/W4390264354","https://openalex.org/W4391259941","https://openalex.org/W4399801188","https://openalex.org/W4400936225","https://openalex.org/W6860149688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W4230315250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,169,193],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,5,70,134,182,236,248,265],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"networks":[8,23],"has":[9],"revolutionized":[10],"modern":[11],"connectivity":[12],"by":[13,48,101],"integrating":[14],"many":[15],"low-power":[16],"devices":[17,30,39,184],"into":[18],"various":[19,211],"applications.":[20],"As":[21],"IoT":[22,46,72,87,144,183],"expand,":[24],"the":[25,50,67,75,104,131,138,162,179,229,259],"demand":[26],"for":[27,34,253,258],"energy-efficient,":[28],"batteryless":[29,71],"becomes":[31],"increasingly":[32],"critical":[33],"sustainable":[35],"future":[36],"networks.":[37],"These":[38],"play":[40],"a":[41,98,122,153,233,240],"pivotal":[42],"role":[43],"in":[44,86,223,228],"next-generation":[45],"applications":[47],"reducing":[49],"dependence":[51],"on":[52],"conventional":[53],"batteries":[54],"and":[55,82,112,166,190,206,239,256],"enabling":[56],"continuous":[57],"operation":[58],"through":[59],"energy":[60,80,114,146,204],"harvesting":[61,115,147,205],"capabilities.":[62,116],"However,":[63],"several":[64],"challenges":[65],"hinder":[66],"widespread":[68],"adoption":[69],"devices,":[73],"including":[74],"limited":[76],"transmission":[77],"range,":[78],"constrained":[79],"resources,":[81],"low":[83],"spectral":[84],"efficiency":[85],"receivers.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"these":[91],"limitations,":[92],"reconfigurable":[93],"intelligent":[94],"surfaces":[95],"(RISs)":[96],"offer":[97],"promising":[99],"solution":[100],"dynamically":[102],"manipulating":[103],"wireless":[105],"propagation":[106],"environment":[107],"to":[108,136,160,177,215,251],"enhance":[109,178],"signal":[110],"strength":[111],"improve":[113],"In":[117],"this":[118],"paper,":[119],"we":[120],"propose":[121],"novel":[123,154],"deep":[124],"reinforcement":[125],"learning":[126],"(DRL)":[127],"algorithm":[128,158,172],"that":[129,197],"optimizes":[130,173],"phase":[132,175,267],"shifts":[133,176],"RISs":[135],"maximize":[137],"network\u2019s":[139],"achievable":[140,207],"rate":[141,231],"while":[142,185],"satisfying":[143],"devices\u2019":[145],"constraints.":[148],"Our":[149],"DRL":[150],"framework":[151],"leverages":[152],"six-dimensional":[155],"chimp":[156],"optimization":[157,264],"(6DChOA)":[159],"fine-tune":[161],"hyper-parameters,":[163],"ensuring":[164],"efficient":[165],"adaptive":[167],"learning.":[168],"proposed":[170],"6DChOA-DRL":[171],"RIS":[174,200,266],"received":[180],"power":[181,235],"mitigating":[186],"interference":[187],"from":[188],"direct":[189],"RIS-cascaded":[191],"links.":[192],"simulation":[194],"results":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"our":[198,218],"optimized":[199],"design":[201],"significantly":[202,241],"improves":[203],"data":[208,230],"rates":[209],"under":[210],"system":[212],"configurations.":[213],"Compared":[214],"benchmark":[216],"algorithms,":[217],"approach":[219],"achieves":[220],"higher":[221],"gains":[222],"harvested":[224],"power,":[225],"an":[226],"improvement":[227],"at":[232],"transmit":[234],"20":[237],"dBm,":[238],"lower":[242],"root":[243],"mean":[244],"square":[245],"error":[246],"(RMSE)":[247],"0.13":[249],"compared":[250],"3.34":[252],"standard":[254],"RL":[255],"6.91":[257],"DNN,":[260],"indicating":[261],"more":[262],"precise":[263],"shifts.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
