{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404972252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120449","title":"Advances in Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles Application: Prospect for Machine Learning Integration","display_name":"Advances in Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles Application: Prospect for Machine Learning Integration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404972252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/449/pdf?version=1733130026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/449/pdf?version=1733130026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033100965","display_name":"Emmanuel Ekene Okere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Ekene Okere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036226844","display_name":"Vipin Balyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-8966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipin Balyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033100965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.9408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97003117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"449","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13181","display_name":"Economic and Technological Systems Analysis","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9008302688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8991808295249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5777519941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43664056062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43480369448661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2706584632396698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9008302688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8991808295249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5777519941329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43664056062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43480369448661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2706584632396698}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/449/pdf?version=1733130026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:12:p:449-:d:1534836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/449/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bda1bc62c89d48f29fd8a3c6be72d801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bda1bc62c89d48f29fd8a3c6be72d801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 449 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16120449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16120449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/12/449/pdf?version=1733130026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404972252.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404972252.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":186,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969907290","https://openalex.org/W2010449407","https://openalex.org/W2032717371","https://openalex.org/W2036785686","https://openalex.org/W2053531352","https://openalex.org/W2075990178","https://openalex.org/W2101083585","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W2259087662","https://openalex.org/W2299239789","https://openalex.org/W2467441892","https://openalex.org/W2469940859","https://openalex.org/W2509527900","https://openalex.org/W2605270919","https://openalex.org/W2611504267","https://openalex.org/W2627050666","https://openalex.org/W2699159235","https://openalex.org/W2778363563","https://openalex.org/W2785507617","https://openalex.org/W2786393483","https://openalex.org/W2792918557","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2793820729","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2806036807","https://openalex.org/W2886169738","https://openalex.org/W2889275267","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2899676184","https://openalex.org/W2900036108","https://openalex.org/W2901355640","https://openalex.org/W2907683311","https://openalex.org/W2908162093","https://openalex.org/W2914103896","https://openalex.org/W2914684165","https://openalex.org/W2914917317","https://openalex.org/W2921630034","https://openalex.org/W2925882704","https://openalex.org/W2932176981","https://openalex.org/W2944448432","https://openalex.org/W2945582949","https://openalex.org/W2946273902","https://openalex.org/W2953299662","https://openalex.org/W2956989650","https://openalex.org/W2960566163","https://openalex.org/W2962621836","https://openalex.org/W2969411945","https://openalex.org/W2973889821","https://openalex.org/W2978945627","https://openalex.org/W2979484080","https://openalex.org/W2979928150","https://openalex.org/W2981960969","https://openalex.org/W2989399708","https://openalex.org/W2990283237","https://openalex.org/W2990718401","https://openalex.org/W2993371671","https://openalex.org/W2993563221","https://openalex.org/W2994992323","https://openalex.org/W2996885877","https://openalex.org/W2997777902","https://openalex.org/W3002224656","https://openalex.org/W3002581186","https://openalex.org/W3005070255","https://openalex.org/W3006140890","https://openalex.org/W3006643079","https://openalex.org/W3006655855","https://openalex.org/W3007690081","https://openalex.org/W3008565796","https://openalex.org/W3008785825","https://openalex.org/W3012017541","https://openalex.org/W3012062908","https://openalex.org/W3012481664","https://openalex.org/W3013250268","https://openalex.org/W3014211350","https://openalex.org/W3019828913","https://openalex.org/W3019945581","https://openalex.org/W3024554844","https://openalex.org/W3026150618","https://openalex.org/W3031900818","https://openalex.org/W3040001848","https://openalex.org/W3040325268","https://openalex.org/W3041497362","https://openalex.org/W3043182344","https://openalex.org/W3083757457","https://openalex.org/W3084999539","https://openalex.org/W3089471898","https://openalex.org/W3092327326","https://openalex.org/W3094894673","https://openalex.org/W3095110579","https://openalex.org/W3100491179","https://openalex.org/W3112885687","https://openalex.org/W3113916672","https://openalex.org/W3116500504","https://openalex.org/W3128369476","https://openalex.org/W3129802551","https://openalex.org/W3134997122","https://openalex.org/W3136699955","https://openalex.org/W3137615985","https://openalex.org/W3139013666","https://openalex.org/W3140934740","https://openalex.org/W3158249753","https://openalex.org/W3162980503","https://openalex.org/W3167569320","https://openalex.org/W3173382080","https://openalex.org/W3173569075","https://openalex.org/W3183926781","https://openalex.org/W3184881863","https://openalex.org/W3185081860","https://openalex.org/W3186650198","https://openalex.org/W3194026771","https://openalex.org/W3194247203","https://openalex.org/W3197762610","https://openalex.org/W3199651984","https://openalex.org/W3212322881","https://openalex.org/W3215187144","https://openalex.org/W3215663443","https://openalex.org/W3216537313","https://openalex.org/W4200254442","https://openalex.org/W4205875715","https://openalex.org/W4206166424","https://openalex.org/W4206298942","https://openalex.org/W4206690576","https://openalex.org/W4210815602","https://openalex.org/W4210940616","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4214816089","https://openalex.org/W4220944134","https://openalex.org/W4226396247","https://openalex.org/W4281763929","https://openalex.org/W4282576320","https://openalex.org/W4283380291","https://openalex.org/W4286308000","https://openalex.org/W4287092816","https://openalex.org/W4293192615","https://openalex.org/W4294190194","https://openalex.org/W4294842835","https://openalex.org/W4295036615","https://openalex.org/W4297226809","https://openalex.org/W4303856637","https://openalex.org/W4307822883","https://openalex.org/W4310072454","https://openalex.org/W4312117527","https://openalex.org/W4312716162","https://openalex.org/W4312950889","https://openalex.org/W4319983517","https://openalex.org/W4321453466","https://openalex.org/W4366772687","https://openalex.org/W4372311864","https://openalex.org/W4376139523","https://openalex.org/W4379177013","https://openalex.org/W4380345016","https://openalex.org/W4381785392","https://openalex.org/W4385488060","https://openalex.org/W4386469546","https://openalex.org/W4386885168","https://openalex.org/W4387385643","https://openalex.org/W4390348498","https://openalex.org/W4391426191","https://openalex.org/W4392031110","https://openalex.org/W4392388527","https://openalex.org/W4393930857","https://openalex.org/W4394567468","https://openalex.org/W4394628311","https://openalex.org/W4394981859","https://openalex.org/W4394985173","https://openalex.org/W4399168361","https://openalex.org/W4400624616","https://openalex.org/W6659849045","https://openalex.org/W6747958662","https://openalex.org/W6756070975","https://openalex.org/W6759328100","https://openalex.org/W6760726560","https://openalex.org/W6762724997","https://openalex.org/W6773970062","https://openalex.org/W6784334996","https://openalex.org/W6796292719","https://openalex.org/W6803590276","https://openalex.org/W6807630435","https://openalex.org/W6838667482","https://openalex.org/W6842422723","https://openalex.org/W6853286651","https://openalex.org/W6860933926","https://openalex.org/W6863246884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain-based":[0],"technology":[1,68],"has":[2,15,85],"completely":[3],"revolutionized":[4],"the":[5,8,25,41,66,80,87,95],"development":[6],"of":[7,10,21,89,102],"Internet":[9,20,101],"Vehicles":[11,22,103],"(IoV)":[12],"framework.":[13],"This":[14,37,83],"led":[16],"to":[17],"increasing":[18],"blockchain-based":[19,57,100],"application":[23],"over":[24],"last":[26],"decade.":[27],"However,":[28],"challenges":[29,97],"persist,":[30],"including":[31,56],"scalability,":[32],"interoperability,":[33],"and":[34,59,63],"security":[35],"issues.":[36],"paper":[38,84],"first":[39],"presents":[40],"state-of-the-art":[42],"overview":[43],"on":[44],"IoV":[45,58,62,81],"systems":[46,78],"along":[47],"with":[48,72],"their":[49],"applications.":[50,104],"Then,":[51],"we":[52],"explore":[53],"novel":[54],"technologies,":[55],"machine":[60,73,90],"learning-based":[61],"highlight":[64],"how":[65],"blockchain":[67],"could":[69],"be":[70],"integrated":[71],"learning":[74,91],"for":[75],"intelligent":[76],"transportation":[77],"in":[79,93,98],"ecosystem.":[82],"shown":[86],"potential":[88],"integration":[92],"addressing":[94],"technical":[96],"individual":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}