{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403689595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388","title":"Decentralizing Democracy: Secure and Transparent E-Voting Systems with Blockchain Technology in the Context of Palestine","display_name":"Decentralizing Democracy: Secure and Transparent E-Voting Systems with Blockchain Technology in the Context of Palestine","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403689595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16110388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075822615","display_name":"Eman Daraghmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-4232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799716270","display_name":"Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfa1c07","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Daraghmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Palestine Technical University\u2014Kadoorie, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm 9993400, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-4232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Palestine Technical University\u2014Kadoorie, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm 9993400, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107736524","display_name":"Ahmed Hamoudi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799716270","display_name":"Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfa1c07","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hamoudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Graduate Studies, Palestine Technical University\u2014Kadoorie, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm 9993400, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Graduate Studies, Palestine Technical University\u2014Kadoorie, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm 9993400, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022903994","display_name":"Mamoun Abu Helou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-3033"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Abu Helou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Al Istiqlal University, Jericho 4728, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-3033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Al Istiqlal University, Jericho 4728, Palestine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":20.6746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99329905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"388","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8359804153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.824858546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7197673320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palestine","display_name":"Palestine","score":0.7126936316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.7077707052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6279594302177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.5563303828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.42799967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3408382534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3250075876712799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.24307402968406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16153931617736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.12071529030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.11167582869529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history","display_name":"Ancient history","score":0.10300761461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.07234916090965271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8359804153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.824858546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7197673320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114362828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23792","display_name":"Palestine","level":2,"score":0.7126936316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7077707052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6279594302177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5563303828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.42799967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3408382534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3250075876712799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.24307402968406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16153931617736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.12071529030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.11167582869529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.10300761461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07234916090965271}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16110388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:11:p:388-:d:1504650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/11/388/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d77b9d1c75741f399d34dfad0580778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d77b9d1c75741f399d34dfad0580778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 388 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16110388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799639035","https://openalex.org/W2801216993","https://openalex.org/W2807264186","https://openalex.org/W2891670958","https://openalex.org/W2893688488","https://openalex.org/W2910460645","https://openalex.org/W2910789212","https://openalex.org/W2917351259","https://openalex.org/W2977634807","https://openalex.org/W2982781069","https://openalex.org/W2988094919","https://openalex.org/W2997959130","https://openalex.org/W3005425519","https://openalex.org/W3110002025","https://openalex.org/W3128613894","https://openalex.org/W3143159859","https://openalex.org/W3157908492","https://openalex.org/W3158660334","https://openalex.org/W3215175715","https://openalex.org/W4200479391","https://openalex.org/W4283119255","https://openalex.org/W4322731460","https://openalex.org/W4387106666","https://openalex.org/W4388101421","https://openalex.org/W4389947134","https://openalex.org/W4391134791","https://openalex.org/W4391579303","https://openalex.org/W4399105263","https://openalex.org/W4401357486","https://openalex.org/W6754493161","https://openalex.org/W6770607095","https://openalex.org/W6773772352","https://openalex.org/W6864536618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W3108317354","https://openalex.org/W4297573717","https://openalex.org/W1596100069","https://openalex.org/W4283692793","https://openalex.org/W4321843854","https://openalex.org/W157440325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elections":[0],"and":[1,21,48,66,118,143,190,199,211,229,234],"voting":[2,69,90,175],"play":[3],"a":[4,11,45,58,79,125,162,188],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,23,92,226],"the":[8,15,24,40,76,88,93,131,178,181],"development":[9],"of":[10,42,78,95,120,133,180],"democratic":[12],"society,":[13],"enabling":[14],"public":[16],"to":[17,35,38,56,86,99,129,157,165,176],"express":[18],"their":[19],"views":[20],"participate":[22],"decision-making":[25],"process.":[26,50],"Voting":[27],"methods":[28],"have":[29,53],"evolved":[30],"from":[31],"paper":[32],"ballot":[33],"systems":[34,37],"e-voting":[36,60,81,102,236],"preserve":[39],"integrity":[41,179],"votes,":[43],"ensuring":[44],"secure,":[46],"transparent,":[47],"verifiable":[49],"Continuous":[51],"efforts":[52],"been":[54],"made":[55],"develop":[57],"secure":[59,101],"system":[61,82,91,151],"that":[62],"eliminates":[63],"fraud":[64],"attempts":[65],"provides":[67],"accurate":[68],"results.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"architecture":[77],"blockchain-based":[80,235],"called":[83],"VoteChain.":[84],"Developed":[85],"support":[87],"existing":[89],"state":[94],"Palestine,":[96],"VoteChain":[97,160,184],"aims":[98],"provide":[100],"with":[103,187],"features":[104,161],"such":[105],"as":[106],"auditability,":[107],"verifiability,":[108],"accuracy,":[109],"privacy,":[110,227],"flexibility,":[111],"transparency,":[112],"mobility,":[113],"availability,":[114],"convenience,":[115],"data":[116,145],"integrity,":[117],"distribution":[119],"authority.":[121],"The":[122,149],"work":[123],"introduces":[124],"smart":[126],"contract":[127],"designed":[128,186],"meet":[130],"demands":[132],"e-voting,":[134],"governing":[135],"transactions,":[136],"monitoring":[137],"computations,":[138],"enforcing":[139],"acceptable":[140],"usage":[141,146],"policies,":[142],"managing":[144,196],"after":[147],"transmission.":[148],"proposed":[150],"also":[152],"adopts":[153],"advanced":[154],"cryptographic":[155],"techniques":[156],"enhance":[158],"security.":[159],"web-based":[163],"interface":[164,194],"facilitate":[166],"user":[167],"interaction,":[168],"providing":[169],"protection":[170],"against":[171],"multiple":[172],"or":[173],"double":[174],"ensure":[177],"election.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"is":[185],"user-friendly":[189],"easily":[191],"accessible":[192],"administrator":[193],"for":[195,206],"voters,":[197,208],"constituencies,":[198],"candidates.":[200],"It":[201],"ensures":[202],"equal":[203],"participation":[204],"rights":[205],"all":[207],"fostering":[209],"fair":[210],"healthy":[212],"competition":[213],"among":[214],"candidates":[215],"while":[216],"preserving":[217],"voter":[218],"anonymity.":[219],"A":[220],"comparative":[221],"analysis":[222],"demonstrates":[223],"VoteChain\u2019s":[224],"advancements":[225],"security,":[228],"scalability":[230],"over":[231],"both":[232],"traditional":[233],"systems.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
