{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398183623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060181","title":"MADDPG-Based Offloading Strategy for Timing-Dependent Tasks in Edge Computing","display_name":"MADDPG-Based Offloading Strategy for Timing-Dependent Tasks in Edge Computing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398183623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16060181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/181/pdf?version=1716283853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/181/pdf?version=1716283853","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375386","display_name":"Yuchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-1742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101313311","display_name":"Zishan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6046-9291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zishan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047604891","display_name":"Zhongcheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-1976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongcheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-1976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071732495","display_name":"Jijun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jijun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Security and Protection Information Sensing and Processing, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071732495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.9666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75558627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"181","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.937952995300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5305809378623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5267678499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3813287019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3686620593070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35729482769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.325048565864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2375572919845581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.937952995300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5305809378623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5267678499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3813287019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3686620593070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35729482769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.325048565864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2375572919845581}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16060181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/181/pdf?version=1716283853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:181-:d:1398494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/181/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:356962a934f2494d95bd32db5da01ceb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/356962a934f2494d95bd32db5da01ceb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 181 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16060181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/181/pdf?version=1716283853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398183623.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2904455790","https://openalex.org/W2970413753","https://openalex.org/W2975241278","https://openalex.org/W2976044145","https://openalex.org/W2981726317","https://openalex.org/W3024681024","https://openalex.org/W3025835615","https://openalex.org/W3047538493","https://openalex.org/W3123257271","https://openalex.org/W3181406820","https://openalex.org/W3186385855","https://openalex.org/W3206626070","https://openalex.org/W3209713517","https://openalex.org/W3217119770","https://openalex.org/W4205265359","https://openalex.org/W4206573673","https://openalex.org/W4210921902","https://openalex.org/W4292973831","https://openalex.org/W4312588618","https://openalex.org/W4313413208","https://openalex.org/W4313534960","https://openalex.org/W4315650656","https://openalex.org/W4315705074","https://openalex.org/W4317987996","https://openalex.org/W4319068981","https://openalex.org/W4319878926","https://openalex.org/W4320002923","https://openalex.org/W4361856814","https://openalex.org/W4367040564","https://openalex.org/W4381952276","https://openalex.org/W4382623320","https://openalex.org/W4383218823","https://openalex.org/W4384937856","https://openalex.org/W4385226077","https://openalex.org/W4386418515","https://openalex.org/W4387504218","https://openalex.org/W4389403403","https://openalex.org/W4391093051","https://openalex.org/W4391326389","https://openalex.org/W4391722492","https://openalex.org/W4392112455","https://openalex.org/W4393343037","https://openalex.org/W6849066033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115140794","https://openalex.org/W2041120224","https://openalex.org/W1504320321","https://openalex.org/W2067902980","https://openalex.org/W2052899165","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4386004629","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,10,29,70,75,91,96,102,106,114,120,128,131,136,144,148,167,170,177,184,196,202,205],"increasing":[2],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,7,12,31,81,119,147,204],"Internet":[6],"Things":[8],"(IoT),":[9],"proliferation":[11],"computation-intensive":[13],"and":[14,35,73,84,94,135,143,175,188],"timing-dependent":[15,121],"applications":[16,44],"has":[17],"brought":[18],"serious":[19],"load":[20],"pressure":[21],"on":[22,59,160],"terrestrial":[23],"networks.":[24],"In":[25],"order":[26],"to":[27,68,89,100,124,154],"solve":[28],"problem":[30],"computing":[32,54,104,116],"resource":[33,76,82,97,117,178],"conflict":[34],"long":[36],"response":[37,171],"delay":[38,72,93],"caused":[39],"by":[40,79,173,180],"concurrent":[41],"application":[42],"service":[43],"from":[45],"multiple":[46,87],"users,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"an":[51],"improved":[52,153],"edge":[53],"timing-dependent,":[55],"task-offloading":[56,157],"scheme":[57],"based":[58,159],"Multi-Agent":[60],"Deep":[61],"Deterministic":[62],"Policy":[63],"Gradient":[64],"(MADDPG)":[65],"that":[66,166],"aims":[67],"shorten":[69,90],"offloading":[71,92,133,206],"improve":[74,95],"utilization":[77,179],"rate":[78],"means":[80],"prediction":[83],"collaboration":[85],"among":[86],"agents":[88],"utilization.":[98],"First,":[99],"coordinate":[101],"global":[103],"resource,":[105],"gated":[107],"recurrent":[108],"unit":[109],"is":[110,152],"utilized,":[111],"which":[112,199],"predicts":[113],"next":[115],"requirements":[118],"tasks":[122],"according":[123],"historical":[125,132],"information.":[126],"Second,":[127],"predicted":[129],"information,":[130],"decisions":[134],"current":[137],"state":[138],"are":[139],"used":[140],"as":[141],"inputs,":[142],"training":[145,193],"process":[146],"reinforcement":[149],"learning":[150,197],"algorithm":[151,158,168],"propose":[155],"a":[156],"MADDPG.":[161],"The":[162],"simulation":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165],"reduces":[169,190],"latency":[172],"6.7%":[174],"improves":[176,201],"30.6%":[181],"compared":[182],"with":[183],"suboptimal":[185],"benchmark":[186],"algorithm,":[187],"it":[189],"nearly":[191],"500":[192],"rounds":[194],"during":[195],"process,":[198],"effectively":[200],"timeliness":[203],"strategy.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
