{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392385984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030086","title":"Towards a Hybrid Security Framework for Phishing Awareness Education and Defense","display_name":"Towards a Hybrid Security Framework for Phishing Awareness Education and Defense","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392385984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16030086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/86/pdf?version=1709288653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/86/pdf?version=1709288653","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086584393","display_name":"Peter K. K. Loh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-079X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168639165","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2c2791","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter K. K. Loh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045816260","display_name":"Aloysius Z. Y. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8247-7647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168639165","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2c2791","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aloysius Z. Y. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021323754","display_name":"Vivek Balachandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-7150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168639165","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2c2791","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Balachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute of Technology, 172 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 567739, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086584393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":9.2544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97724126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"86","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8654135465621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.7393050193786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6110314130783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.42056310176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.32349488139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.27562928199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.22343647480010986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8654135465621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.7393050193786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6110314130783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.42056310176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32349488139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27562928199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.22343647480010986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16030086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/86/pdf?version=1709288653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:86-:d:1349774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/86/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e807d13f58a4e60acd5fd130ab651ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e807d13f58a4e60acd5fd130ab651ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 86 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27018679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_a_Hybrid_Security_Framework_for_Phishing_Awareness_Education_and_Defense/27018679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi16030086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/86/pdf?version=1709288653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392385984.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909737018","https://openalex.org/W3023514002","https://openalex.org/W3035032094","https://openalex.org/W3094117827","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3107831359","https://openalex.org/W3114326827","https://openalex.org/W3163962807","https://openalex.org/W3176850402","https://openalex.org/W3200560861","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4321351832","https://openalex.org/W4387432528","https://openalex.org/W4387969883","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W6850507425","https://openalex.org/W6857724112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2338899373","https://openalex.org/W4252285266","https://openalex.org/W199254545","https://openalex.org/W2476504758","https://openalex.org/W4248464163","https://openalex.org/W2997836625","https://openalex.org/W111175386","https://openalex.org/W1937580673","https://openalex.org/W4361023959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"rise":[1],"in":[2,23,169,182],"generative":[3,158],"Artificial":[4],"Intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"has":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,28,87,97,115,122],"the":[10,30,47,69,78,101,110,146,207,213,223],"development":[11,149],"of":[12,32,80,105,112,150],"more":[13],"sophisticated":[14],"phishing":[15,37,130,162,187,208],"email":[16,38,188],"attacks,":[17,53],"as":[18,20,43],"well":[19],"an":[21,151],"increase":[22],"research":[24,66],"on":[25,77],"using":[26,212],"AI":[27,159],"aid":[29],"detection":[31,132,164,210],"these":[33],"advanced":[34,186],"attacks.":[35,189],"Successful":[36],"attacks":[39],"severely":[40],"impact":[41],"businesses,":[42],"employees":[44],"are":[45,199],"usually":[46],"vulnerable":[48],"targets.":[49],"Defense":[50],"against":[51],"such":[52],"therefore,":[54],"requires":[55],"realizing":[56],"defense":[57],"along":[58,68,100],"both":[59,129,197],"technological":[60,70,191],"and":[61,74,83,91,133,148,157,165,178,193,201,233],"human":[62,102],"vectors.":[63],"Security":[64],"hardening":[65],"work":[67],"vector":[71,103],"is":[72],"few":[73],"focuses":[75],"mainly":[76],"use":[79],"machine":[81],"learning":[82,219],"natural":[84],"language":[85],"processing":[86],"distinguish":[88],"between":[89],"machine-":[90],"human-generated":[92],"text.":[93],"Common":[94],"existing":[95],"approaches":[96],"harden":[98],"security":[99,172],"consist":[104],"third-party":[106],"organized":[107],"training":[108],"programmes,":[109],"content":[111],"which":[113,144],"needs":[114],"be":[116],"updated":[117],"over":[118],"time.":[119],"There":[120],"is,":[121],"date,":[123],"no":[124],"reported":[125],"approach":[126,153],"that":[127,154,206],"provides":[128],"attack":[131,163,209],"progressive":[134],"end-user":[135,167],"training.":[136],"In":[137],"this":[138],"paper,":[139],"we":[140],"present":[141],"our":[142],"contribution,":[143],"includes":[145],"design":[147,192],"integrated":[152],"employs":[155],"AI-assisted":[156],"platforms":[160,198],"for":[161,196],"continuous":[166],"education":[168,181],"a":[170],"hybrid":[171],"framework.":[173],"This":[174],"framework":[175],"supports":[176],"scenario-customizable":[177],"evolving":[179],"user":[180],"dealing":[183],"with":[184],"increasingly":[185],"functional":[194],"details":[195],"presented":[200],"discussed.":[202],"Performance":[203],"tests":[204],"showed":[205],"sub-system":[211],"Convolutional":[214],"Neural":[215],"Network":[216],"(CNN)":[217],"deep":[218],"model":[220],"architecture":[221],"achieved":[222],"best":[224],"overall":[225],"results:":[226],"above":[227,230,234],"94%":[228,235],"accuracy,":[229],"95%":[231],"precision,":[232],"recall.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2024-03-05T00:00:00"}