{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386220929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289","title":"3D Path Planning Algorithms in UAV-Enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study","display_name":"3D Path Planning Algorithms in UAV-Enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386220929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/289/pdf?version=1693128877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/289/pdf?version=1693128877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737441","display_name":"Jorge Carvajal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-9964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Carvajal-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-9964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085819844","display_name":"Marco Segura Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3163-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3163-8216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037170311","display_name":"Christian Tipantu\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-325X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Tipantu\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-325X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunicaciones y Redes de Informaci\u00f3n, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037170311"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.9128,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92465238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"289","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8652905821800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7499690055847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.6986840963363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5959622263908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5534027814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.49774935841560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43079617619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3365403413772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.324264258146286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24312296509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1827177107334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1622500717639923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.08780267834663391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8652905821800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7499690055847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.6986840963363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5959622263908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5534027814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.49774935841560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43079617619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3365403413772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.324264258146286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24312296509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1827177107334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1622500717639923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.08780267834663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/289/pdf?version=1693128877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:289-:d:1226423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/289/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4cbe816922d43de897a07a2fbc575dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4cbe816922d43de897a07a2fbc575dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 289 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/15/9/289/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 289","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/289/pdf?version=1693128877","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8612057519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PIS-22-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327633","funder_display_name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327633","display_name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386220929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984505032","https://openalex.org/W2794350945","https://openalex.org/W2808115698","https://openalex.org/W2906764419","https://openalex.org/W2909467077","https://openalex.org/W2910438427","https://openalex.org/W2915738222","https://openalex.org/W2956047314","https://openalex.org/W2968631359","https://openalex.org/W2972610874","https://openalex.org/W2981460880","https://openalex.org/W2987135288","https://openalex.org/W2989585603","https://openalex.org/W2990416598","https://openalex.org/W2998240361","https://openalex.org/W3023439282","https://openalex.org/W3083620473","https://openalex.org/W3089119800","https://openalex.org/W3092179763","https://openalex.org/W3108838069","https://openalex.org/W3108861034","https://openalex.org/W3115723440","https://openalex.org/W3118123531","https://openalex.org/W3119536288","https://openalex.org/W3127872041","https://openalex.org/W3136954886","https://openalex.org/W3139228879","https://openalex.org/W3149798409","https://openalex.org/W3153271232","https://openalex.org/W3155489633","https://openalex.org/W3156519765","https://openalex.org/W3158192766","https://openalex.org/W3159448352","https://openalex.org/W3162939363","https://openalex.org/W3167374964","https://openalex.org/W3195159560","https://openalex.org/W3200405915","https://openalex.org/W3201272818","https://openalex.org/W3203401755","https://openalex.org/W3215168814","https://openalex.org/W4205759935","https://openalex.org/W4205880147","https://openalex.org/W4206076071","https://openalex.org/W4214920499","https://openalex.org/W4220658180","https://openalex.org/W4220703617","https://openalex.org/W4223954537","https://openalex.org/W4229452781","https://openalex.org/W4256138642","https://openalex.org/W4281671899","https://openalex.org/W4283737832","https://openalex.org/W4318499073","https://openalex.org/W4324092551","https://openalex.org/W4377008028","https://openalex.org/W6655302790","https://openalex.org/W6729319880","https://openalex.org/W6750111342","https://openalex.org/W6788199294","https://openalex.org/W6804288356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593316755","https://openalex.org/W2124455817","https://openalex.org/W2152296133","https://openalex.org/W2183334685","https://openalex.org/W2046356179","https://openalex.org/W3211225713","https://openalex.org/W2119159374","https://openalex.org/W2116538803","https://openalex.org/W3211947969","https://openalex.org/W4223954537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"Aerial":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"equipped":[4],"with":[5],"communication":[6,25],"technologies":[7,48],"have":[8,121],"gained":[9],"significant":[10],"attention":[11],"as":[12,36],"a":[13,80,98,111,134],"promising":[14],"solution":[15],"for":[16,156],"providing":[17],"wireless":[18,77],"connectivity":[19],"in":[20,40,59,70,79,90,97,108,110,114,136],"remote,":[21],"disaster-stricken":[22],"areas":[23],"lacking":[24],"infrastructure.":[26],"However,":[27],"enabling":[28],"UAVs":[29,34,69,109],"to":[30,171,185],"provide":[31,76],"communications":[32,148],"(e.g.,":[33],"acting":[35],"flying":[37],"base":[38],"stations)":[39],"real":[41],"scenarios":[42],"requires":[43],"the":[44,61,87,91,137,150,154,157,162,169,176,181,187],"integration":[45],"of":[46,65,86,146],"various":[47],"and":[49,119,153,180],"algorithms.":[50],"In":[51,161],"particular":[52],"3D":[53,112,188],"path":[54,63,95,189],"planning":[55,96,190],"algorithms":[56],"are":[57],"crucial":[58],"determining":[60],"optimal":[62],"free":[64],"obstacles":[66],"so":[67],"that":[68,84],"isolation":[71],"or":[72,174],"forming":[73],"networks":[74],"can":[75],"coverage":[78],"specific":[81],"region.":[82],"Considering":[83],"most":[85],"existing":[88,105],"proposals":[89],"literature":[92],"only":[93],"address":[94],"2D":[99],"environment,":[100],"this":[101,164],"paper":[102,125,141,165],"systematically":[103],"studies":[104],"path-planning":[106],"solutions":[107],"environment":[113],"which":[115],"optimization":[116,177],"models":[117],"(optimal":[118],"heuristics)":[120],"been":[122],"applied.":[123],"This":[124,140],"analyzes":[126],"37":[127],"articles":[128],"selected":[129],"from":[130,133],"631":[131],"documents":[132],"search":[135],"Scopus":[138],"database.":[139],"also":[142],"presents":[143],"an":[144],"overview":[145],"UAV-enabled":[147],"systems,":[149],"research":[151],"questions,":[152],"methodology":[155],"systematic":[158],"mapping":[159],"study.":[160],"end,":[163],"provides":[166],"information":[167],"about":[168],"objectives":[170],"be":[172],"minimized":[173],"maximized,":[175],"variables":[178],"used,":[179],"algorithmic":[182],"strategies":[183],"employed":[184],"solve":[186],"problem.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}