{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386141641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286","title":"Generative AI in Medicine and Healthcare: Promises, Opportunities and Challenges","display_name":"Generative AI in Medicine and Healthcare: Promises, Opportunities and Challenges","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386141641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/286/pdf?version=1692864615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/286/pdf?version=1692864615","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364185","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-8289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065974086","display_name":"Maged N. Kamel Boulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2400-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maged N. Kamel Boulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065974086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":13.6067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":359,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98886897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"286","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.8887816071510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7891408205032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6151440739631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.5548292398452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5471873879432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5286909937858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49066245555877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4129483103752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36426591873168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33404335379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07906374335289001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.8887816071510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7891408205032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6151440739631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5548292398452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5471873879432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5286909937858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49066245555877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4129483103752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36426591873168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33404335379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07906374335289001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/286/pdf?version=1692864615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:286-:d:1224031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/286/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b06cf29b31ff4c5f93e2c7084ce7bf8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b06cf29b31ff4c5f93e2c7084ce7bf8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 286 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/15/9/286/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 286","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15090286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090286","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/286/pdf?version=1692864615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386141641.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030597870","https://openalex.org/W2117446654","https://openalex.org/W2467995757","https://openalex.org/W2595840341","https://openalex.org/W2979946792","https://openalex.org/W3112103703","https://openalex.org/W3161306590","https://openalex.org/W3176980958","https://openalex.org/W3177464472","https://openalex.org/W3204277253","https://openalex.org/W4205195216","https://openalex.org/W4285677486","https://openalex.org/W4307815809","https://openalex.org/W4312018365","https://openalex.org/W4313262066","https://openalex.org/W4318256669","https://openalex.org/W4319779057","https://openalex.org/W4322718832","https://openalex.org/W4322757547","https://openalex.org/W4322761615","https://openalex.org/W4323038373","https://openalex.org/W4323360926","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4366769280","https://openalex.org/W4366823237","https://openalex.org/W4367310920","https://openalex.org/W4381743186","https://openalex.org/W4383346782","https://openalex.org/W4383500999","https://openalex.org/W4383988863","https://openalex.org/W4384525653","https://openalex.org/W4385727628","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4413602101","https://openalex.org/W6719402147","https://openalex.org/W6854376192","https://openalex.org/W7027250016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402931985","https://openalex.org/W2606073172","https://openalex.org/W3156291593","https://openalex.org/W2125356288","https://openalex.org/W2128302072","https://openalex.org/W2970622411","https://openalex.org/W2623347760","https://openalex.org/W3198184493","https://openalex.org/W1499924000","https://openalex.org/W4246426965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"AI":[1,36,75],"(artificial":[2],"intelligence)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,17,94],"algorithms":[6],"and":[7,40,55,60,84,90,98,104,109],"models,":[8],"such":[9,49],"as":[10,50,86,105],"OpenAI\u2019s":[11],"ChatGPT,":[12],"that":[13,73],"can":[14],"be":[15],"prompted":[16],"generate":[18],"various":[19],"types":[20],"of":[21,31,34,100],"content.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"narrative":[25],"review,":[26],"we":[27],"present":[28],"a":[29],"selection":[30],"representative":[32],"examples":[33],"generative":[35,74],"applications":[37],"in":[38,82],"medicine":[39,83],"healthcare.":[41],"We":[42,71],"then":[43],"briefly":[44],"discuss":[45],"some":[46],"associated":[47],"issues,":[48],"trust,":[51],"veracity,":[52],"clinical":[53],"safety":[54],"reliability,":[56],"privacy,":[57],"copyrights,":[58],"ownership,":[59],"opportunities,":[61],"e.g.,":[62],"AI-driven":[63],"conversational":[64],"user":[65],"interfaces":[66],"for":[67],"friendlier":[68],"human-computer":[69],"interaction.":[70],"conclude":[72],"will":[76],"play":[77],"an":[78],"increasingly":[79],"important":[80],"role":[81],"healthcare":[85],"it":[87],"further":[88],"evolves":[89],"gets":[91],"better":[92],"tailored":[93],"the":[95,101,106],"unique":[96],"settings":[97],"requirements":[99],"medical":[102],"domain":[103],"laws,":[107],"policies":[108],"regulatory":[110],"frameworks":[111],"surrounding":[112],"its":[113],"use":[114],"start":[115],"taking":[116],"shape.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":186},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":140},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00"}