{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385795908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270","title":"LoRa Communication Using TVWS Frequencies: Range and Data Rate","display_name":"LoRa Communication Using TVWS Frequencies: Range and Data Rate","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385795908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15080270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/270/pdf?version=1692020757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/270/pdf?version=1692020757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063437132","display_name":"Anjali Askhedkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-4098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088227","display_name":"MIT World Peace University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ymxd45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjali R. Askhedkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026150389","display_name":"Bharat S. Chaudhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-8996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088227","display_name":"MIT World Peace University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ymxd45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bharat S. Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072565892","display_name":"Maha Abdelhaq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha Abdelhaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037189194","display_name":"Raed Alsaqour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2350-5661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120238654","display_name":"Saudi Electronic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ndh7v49","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Alsaqour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021407862","display_name":"Rashid A. Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-081X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070111950","display_name":"Marco Zennaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-0830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12323705","display_name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)","ror":"https://ror.org/009gyvm78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12323705","https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Zennaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science, Technology and Innovation Unit, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34151 Trieste, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science, Technology and Innovation Unit, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34151 Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12323705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026150389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80149098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"270","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9651447534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.854509711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.816715657711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.8069652318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5363712310791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5091733336448669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.476694792509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.472078800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46875929832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.4133499562740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39309239387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.27728143334388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.2018842101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15452754497528076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9651447534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.854509711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.816715657711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.8069652318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5363712310791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5091733336448669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.476694792509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.472078800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46875929832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.4133499562740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39309239387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.27728143334388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.2018842101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15452754497528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15080270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/270/pdf?version=1692020757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:270-:d:1217151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/270/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ea9a90af9f34949a67df3bea9043960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ea9a90af9f34949a67df3bea9043960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 270 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/15/8/270/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 270","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15080270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/270/pdf?version=1692020757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2019664661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R97","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2053653470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2893605509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3946698557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4010074732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Riyadh","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4393481380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5091591451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R97","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6769911199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6772716045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G860890782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Number 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385795908.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995803786","https://openalex.org/W2007512858","https://openalex.org/W2086430235","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2759236844","https://openalex.org/W2785908240","https://openalex.org/W2792260836","https://openalex.org/W2796363983","https://openalex.org/W2889358455","https://openalex.org/W2898283134","https://openalex.org/W2900532398","https://openalex.org/W2906575549","https://openalex.org/W2924595251","https://openalex.org/W2929741483","https://openalex.org/W2969290773","https://openalex.org/W2990441739","https://openalex.org/W3010561455","https://openalex.org/W3047352307","https://openalex.org/W3101941201","https://openalex.org/W3123256109","https://openalex.org/W6753994096","https://openalex.org/W6908497990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888892063","https://openalex.org/W4385795908","https://openalex.org/W4286300248","https://openalex.org/W4382050864","https://openalex.org/W2135127455","https://openalex.org/W2119737849","https://openalex.org/W2003162327","https://openalex.org/W2005593527","https://openalex.org/W2167167456","https://openalex.org/W2805155750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"power":[1,20],"wide":[2],"area":[3],"network":[4,162],"(LPWAN)":[5],"is":[6,73,136],"a":[7,24,148],"wireless":[8,58],"communication":[9,35],"technology":[10],"that":[11,145],"offers":[12,147],"large":[13],"coverage,":[14],"low":[15,19],"data":[16,63,103,154],"rates,":[17],"and":[18,33,51,62,102,117,126,139,141,153,164],"consumption,":[21],"making":[22],"it":[23],"suitable":[25],"choice":[26],"for":[27,55,90,108,118,133,160,167],"the":[28,48,70,76,83,95,100,142],"growing":[29,96],"Internet":[30],"of":[31,85,105],"Things":[32],"machine-to-machine":[34],"applications.":[36,59],"Long":[37],"range":[38,101,152],"(LoRa),":[39],"an":[40],"LPWAN":[41],"technology,":[42],"has":[43],"recently":[44],"been":[45],"used":[46],"in":[47,69,75],"industrial,":[49],"scientific":[50],"medical":[52],"(ISM)":[53],"band":[54,72],"various":[56,119],"low-power":[57],"The":[60],"coverage":[61],"rate":[64,104,155],"supported":[65],"by":[66],"these":[67],"devices":[68],"ISM":[71],"well-studied":[74],"literature.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"study":[82,156],"usage":[84],"TV":[86],"white":[87],"spaces":[88],"(TVWS)":[89],"LoRa":[91,135,169],"transmissions":[92],"to":[93],"address":[94],"spectrum":[97],"demand.":[98],"Additionally,":[99],"TVWS-based":[106,134,168],"LoRa,":[107],"different":[109,114],"transmission":[110],"parameter":[111],"values":[112],"using":[113],"path-loss":[115,131],"models":[116],"scenarios":[120],"such":[121],"as":[122],"free":[123],"space,":[124],"outdoor":[125],"indoor":[127],"are":[128],"investigated.":[129],"A":[130],"model":[132],"also":[137],"proposed":[138],"explored,":[140],"evaluations":[143],"show":[144],"TVWS":[146],"longer":[149],"range.":[150],"This":[151],"would":[157],"be":[158],"useful":[159],"efficient":[161],"planning":[163],"system":[165],"design":[166],"LPWANs.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}