{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378576169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193","title":"Deep Learning-Based Symptomizing Cyber Threats Using Adaptive 5G Shared Slice Security Approaches","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Symptomizing Cyber Threats Using Adaptive 5G Shared Slice Security Approaches","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378576169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15060193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/6/193/pdf?version=1685349426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/6/193/pdf?version=1685349426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112924690","display_name":"Abdul Majeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Majeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1927-6567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077724667","display_name":"Abdullah M. Alnajim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah M. Alnajim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-1105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891689","display_name":"Athar Waseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athar Waseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040556156","display_name":"Aleem Khaliq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-6595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleem Khaliq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109054959","display_name":"Aqdas Naveed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqdas Naveed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029191317","display_name":"Shabana Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shabana Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024192822","display_name":"Muhammad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Qassim 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Qassim 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057997579","display_name":"Sheroz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8538"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheroz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Qassim 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Qassim 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077724667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4210092650"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.4971,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89680147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"193","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9002503752708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.543188214302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5270424485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4898373782634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4344983398914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37614455819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37545686960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3375335931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.16285404562950134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9002503752708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.543188214302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5270424485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4898373782634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4344983398914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37614455819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37545686960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3375335931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.16285404562950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15060193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/6/193/pdf?version=1685349426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:193-:d:1157162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/6/193/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2220b85f1d3b49bba241dbde0caaba43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2220b85f1d3b49bba241dbde0caaba43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 193 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/15/6/193/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 193","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15060193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/6/193/pdf?version=1685349426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378576169.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W2316290550","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2754368137","https://openalex.org/W2755275780","https://openalex.org/W2793130454","https://openalex.org/W2810563447","https://openalex.org/W2861440650","https://openalex.org/W2885256862","https://openalex.org/W2909034481","https://openalex.org/W2910790589","https://openalex.org/W2969501197","https://openalex.org/W2984470716","https://openalex.org/W2987485128","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W2998716741","https://openalex.org/W3000094279","https://openalex.org/W3006210340","https://openalex.org/W3010676594","https://openalex.org/W3034146627","https://openalex.org/W3034578955","https://openalex.org/W3036631842","https://openalex.org/W3042792180","https://openalex.org/W3126421778","https://openalex.org/W3207023672","https://openalex.org/W4241065697","https://openalex.org/W4249247926","https://openalex.org/W4253178971","https://openalex.org/W4254794800","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6699150267","https://openalex.org/W6772996644","https://openalex.org/W6822917670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W2883616266","https://openalex.org/W186576250","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2372254325","https://openalex.org/W3005861778","https://openalex.org/W2185627654","https://openalex.org/W13127727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,143],"fifth":[1],"Generation":[2],"(5G)":[3],"networks,":[4],"protection":[5],"from":[6,187],"internal":[7,189],"attacks,":[8,192],"external":[9,191],"breaches,":[10],"violation":[11],"of":[12,16,111],"confidentiality,":[13],"and":[14,63,109,123,155,163,183,199,234],"misuse":[15],"network":[17,40,60,88,96,107],"vulnerabilities":[18],"is":[19,64],"a":[20,58,67,74,81,129,204,217],"challenging":[21],"task.":[22],"Various":[23],"approaches,":[24],"especially":[25],"deep-learning":[26],"(DL)":[27],"prototypes,":[28],"have":[29,148,173],"been":[30,135,149,174],"adopted":[31],"in":[32,47,165,223],"order":[33,48],"to":[34,49,93,103,137,151,180],"counter":[35],"such":[36],"challenges.":[37],"For":[38,119],"5G":[39,68,87,205],"defense,":[41],"DL":[42,71,140,210],"module":[43,55,72,178],"are":[44],"recommended":[45],"here":[46],"symptomize":[50],"suspicious":[51],"NetFlow":[52],"data.":[53,97],"This":[54],"behaves":[56,215],"as":[57,73,80,117,216],"virtual":[59,82],"function":[61,91],"(VNF)":[62],"placed":[65],"along":[66,85],"network.":[69,206],"The":[70,226],"cyber":[75,125],"threat-symptomizing":[76],"(CTS)":[77],"unit":[78],"acts":[79],"security":[83,141,177],"scanner":[84],"the":[86,95,99,120,139,144,208,212,224],"data":[89,100,230],"analytic":[90],"(NWDAF)":[92],"monitor":[94],"When":[98],"were":[101,115],"found":[102],"be":[104],"suspicious,":[105],"causing":[106],"bottlenecks":[108],"let-downs":[110],"end-user":[112],"services,":[113],"they":[114],"labeled":[116],"\u201cAnomalous\u201d.":[118],"best":[121],"proactive":[122],"adaptive":[124,196],"defense":[126,197],"system":[127],"(PACDS),":[128],"logically":[130],"organized":[131],"modular":[132],"approach":[133],"has":[134],"followed":[136],"design":[138],"module.":[142],"application":[145],"context,":[146],"improvements":[147],"made":[150],"input":[152],"features":[153],"dimension":[154],"computational":[156],"complexity":[157],"reduction":[158],"with":[159,231],"better":[160],"response":[161],"times":[162],"accuracy":[164,233],"outlier":[166],"detection.":[167],"Moreover,":[168],"key":[169],"performance":[170],"indicators":[171],"(KPIs)":[172],"proposed":[175],"for":[176],"placement":[179,202],"secure":[181],"interslice":[182],"intraslice":[184],"communication":[185],"channels":[186],"any":[188],"or":[190],"also":[193],"suggesting":[194],"an":[195],"mechanism":[198],"indicating":[200],"its":[201],"on":[203],"Among":[207],"chosen":[209],"models,":[211],"CNN":[213],"model":[214,219,227],"stable":[218],"during":[220],"behavior":[221],"analysis":[222],"results.":[225],"classifies":[228],"botnet-labeled":[229],"99.74%":[232],"higher":[235],"precision.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
