{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321372775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082","title":"Optimal Pricing in a Rented 5G Infrastructure Scenario with Sticky Customers","display_name":"Optimal Pricing in a Rented 5G Infrastructure Scenario with Sticky Customers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321372775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/82/pdf?version=1677125215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/82/pdf?version=1677125215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059751212","display_name":"Marta Flamini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-8809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155399","display_name":"UniNettuno University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q0nep37","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155399"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Flamini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, International Telematic University UNINETTUNO, 00186 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, International Telematic University UNINETTUNO, 00186 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079223759","display_name":"Maurizio Naldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128649747","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Maria SS. Assunta","ror":"https://ror.org/02d8v0v24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Naldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Economics, Politics, and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, 00192 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-398X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Economics, Politics, and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, 00192 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079223759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.3238,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55237604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7086672186851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.6416585445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.6028767824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5635086297988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5089671611785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5080850124359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renting","display_name":"Renting","score":0.46782463788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pricing-strategies","display_name":"Pricing strategies","score":0.46412280201911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.4536350667476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.43654438853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3982163071632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.36409568786621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.33382847905158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3038175404071808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20694443583488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1740325689315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14938077330589294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7086672186851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.6416585445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.6028767824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5635086297988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5089671611785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5080850124359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.46782463788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394670","display_name":"Pricing strategies","level":2,"score":0.46412280201911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.4536350667476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43654438853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3982163071632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.36409568786621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33382847905158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3038175404071808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20694443583488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1740325689315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14938077330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/82/pdf?version=1677125215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:82-:d:1073398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/82/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bcfdca809fa4a92ad06927d4b319fb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bcfdca809fa4a92ad06927d4b319fb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 82 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/15/2/82/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi15020082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/82/pdf?version=1677125215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321372775.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74203006","https://openalex.org/W1525700438","https://openalex.org/W1965236027","https://openalex.org/W1984204736","https://openalex.org/W1987673517","https://openalex.org/W2010324051","https://openalex.org/W2021209943","https://openalex.org/W2029876747","https://openalex.org/W2041647218","https://openalex.org/W2051445799","https://openalex.org/W2060860949","https://openalex.org/W2065481789","https://openalex.org/W2068484625","https://openalex.org/W2074824939","https://openalex.org/W2075860827","https://openalex.org/W2089215879","https://openalex.org/W2100906340","https://openalex.org/W2107583054","https://openalex.org/W2118667423","https://openalex.org/W2134644249","https://openalex.org/W2167312400","https://openalex.org/W2182629885","https://openalex.org/W2198596863","https://openalex.org/W2292770283","https://openalex.org/W2345842246","https://openalex.org/W2356335684","https://openalex.org/W2529265102","https://openalex.org/W2612759037","https://openalex.org/W2623483843","https://openalex.org/W2778633327","https://openalex.org/W2785077101","https://openalex.org/W2792703137","https://openalex.org/W2807803255","https://openalex.org/W2901980690","https://openalex.org/W2903950476","https://openalex.org/W2907829336","https://openalex.org/W2911063716","https://openalex.org/W2913392022","https://openalex.org/W2963096242","https://openalex.org/W2973325833","https://openalex.org/W2973727956","https://openalex.org/W2974808150","https://openalex.org/W2981583592","https://openalex.org/W2981969281","https://openalex.org/W2986915201","https://openalex.org/W2996997169","https://openalex.org/W3008405560","https://openalex.org/W3014860692","https://openalex.org/W3023421786","https://openalex.org/W3049175793","https://openalex.org/W3081000514","https://openalex.org/W3112680140","https://openalex.org/W3114471840","https://openalex.org/W3124785349","https://openalex.org/W3130570154","https://openalex.org/W3130721624","https://openalex.org/W3159661279","https://openalex.org/W4254398440","https://openalex.org/W6777672639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358804928","https://openalex.org/W4225710828","https://openalex.org/W1998528887","https://openalex.org/W2965538880","https://openalex.org/W1601893083","https://openalex.org/W2528370785","https://openalex.org/W4200335562","https://openalex.org/W2861933770","https://openalex.org/W2361145238","https://openalex.org/W2617531473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,166],"ongoing":[1],"deployment":[2],"of":[3,110,114,134],"5G":[4],"is":[5,14,56,68,146],"accompanied":[6],"by":[7],"architecture":[8],"and":[9,151],"pricing":[10,71,103],"decisions.":[11],"Network":[12],"sharing":[13],"a":[15,26,96,125,130],"critical":[16],"feature,":[17],"allowing":[18],"operators":[19,40,106],"to":[20,38,48,99,174],"reduce":[21],"their":[22,36],"costs,":[23],"but":[24],"introducing":[25],"mixed":[27],"partnering/competition":[28],"situation,":[29],"where":[30,168],"the":[31,57,65,75,101,108,119,135,140,144,164,169,175,179],"infrastructure":[32,37,138],"owner,":[33,139],"renting":[34],"out":[35],"virtual":[39,53,141],"(who":[41],"act":[42],"as":[43],"customers),":[44],"also":[45],"provides":[46],"services":[47],"end":[49],"customers,":[50],"competing":[51],"with":[52],"operators.":[54],"Pricing":[55],"leverage":[58],"through":[59],"which":[60,81],"an":[61],"optimal":[62,102],"balance":[63],"between":[64],"two":[66],"roles":[67],"accomplished.":[69],"However,":[70],"may":[72,82],"not":[73,122],"be":[74],"only":[76],"variable":[77],"affecting":[78],"customers\u2019":[79],"choice,":[80],"prefer":[83],"(stick":[84],"to)":[85],"one":[86,133],"operator":[87],"for":[88,105,124,148,178],"several":[89],"reasons.":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"we":[94,128],"formulate":[95],"game":[97,120],"model":[98],"analyse":[100,152],"decisions":[104],"in":[107],"presence":[109],"such":[111],"sticky":[112],"behaviour":[113],"customers.":[115],"After":[116],"concluding":[117],"that":[118],"does":[121],"allow":[123],"Nash":[126],"equilibrium,":[127],"consider":[129],"case":[131],"when":[132,158,184],"parties":[136],"(the":[137],"operators,":[142,180],"or":[143],"regulator)":[145],"responsible":[147],"setting":[149],"prices":[150,172],"how":[153],"operators\u2019":[154],"profits":[155,177],"are":[156,161],"impacted":[157],"price-setting":[159],"powers":[160],"shifted":[162],"among":[163],"parties.":[165],"scenario":[167],"regulator":[170],"sets":[171],"leads":[173],"lowest":[176],"even":[181],"lower":[182],"than":[183],"competitors":[185],"set":[186],"prices.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
