{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310039764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347","title":"Evolutionary Computation for Sparse Synthesis Optimization of CCAAs: An Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm Method","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation for Sparse Synthesis Optimization of CCAAs: An Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310039764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14120347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/347/pdf?version=1669272898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/347/pdf?version=1669272898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073347123","display_name":"Bohao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-4146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100532183","display_name":"Lihua Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7026-5682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736166","display_name":"Shuai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925115","display_name":"Jiaxing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-9783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104239524","display_name":"Yi Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104239524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2747,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88864305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"347","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.690544605255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6181948781013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.6146793365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6055008769035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5722435712814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.5213078856468201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5141820907592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5020949840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4900883436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47473177313804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.4583927392959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2808079719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11731252074241638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.690544605255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6181948781013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.6146793365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6055008769035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5722435712814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5213078856468201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5141820907592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5020949840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4900883436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47473177313804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.4583927392959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2808079719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11731252074241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14120347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/347/pdf?version=1669272898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:12:p:347-:d:980839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/347/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed2e932aefe24e11a4c77fa189ace455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed2e932aefe24e11a4c77fa189ace455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 347 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/14/12/347/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 347","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14120347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/347/pdf?version=1669272898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2887146651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5169721444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6358048045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51675506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310039764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310039764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W414544266","https://openalex.org/W1993638291","https://openalex.org/W2109015542","https://openalex.org/W2154786938","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2528326849","https://openalex.org/W2613113564","https://openalex.org/W2766077843","https://openalex.org/W2790586959","https://openalex.org/W2800519494","https://openalex.org/W2808025052","https://openalex.org/W2927975789","https://openalex.org/W2930393601","https://openalex.org/W2949452163","https://openalex.org/W2999198908","https://openalex.org/W3007693536","https://openalex.org/W3087652231","https://openalex.org/W3119840094","https://openalex.org/W3126167674","https://openalex.org/W3148035884","https://openalex.org/W3152425287","https://openalex.org/W3156109555","https://openalex.org/W3176776903","https://openalex.org/W4214588710","https://openalex.org/W4255933199","https://openalex.org/W4304606319","https://openalex.org/W6760989829","https://openalex.org/W6761240234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606499289","https://openalex.org/W1985939653","https://openalex.org/W2741252017","https://openalex.org/W2911578165","https://openalex.org/W2626282817","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W85101999","https://openalex.org/W2391924736","https://openalex.org/W3133779647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concentric":[0],"circular":[1],"antenna":[2,11],"arrays":[3],"(CCAAs)":[4],"can":[5],"obtain":[6],"better":[7],"performance":[8],"than":[9],"other":[10],"arrays.":[12],"However,":[13],"high":[14],"overhead":[15],"and":[16,58,85,98],"excessive":[17],"sidelobes":[18],"still":[19],"make":[20],"its":[21],"application":[22],"difficult.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,36,53,64],"consider":[28],"the":[29,48,60,72,92,95,99],"sparse":[30],"synthesis":[31],"optimization":[32,56,73],"of":[33,44,50,94],"CCAAs.":[34,51],"Specifically,":[35],"aim":[37],"to":[38],"turn":[39],"off":[40],"a":[41,66],"specific":[42],"number":[43],"antennas":[45],"while":[46],"reducing":[47],"sidelobe":[49],"First,":[52],"formulate":[54],"an":[55],"problem":[57],"present":[59],"solution":[61,80],"space.":[62],"Then,":[63],"propose":[65],"novel":[67],"evolutionary":[68],"method":[69,77],"for":[70],"solving":[71],"problem.":[74],"Our":[75],"proposed":[76,96,100],"introduces":[78],"hybrid":[79,82,86],"initialization,":[81],"crossover":[83],"method,":[84],"update":[87],"methods.":[88],"Simulation":[89],"results":[90],"show":[91],"effectiveness":[93],"algorithm":[97],"improvement":[101],"factors.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}