{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292264040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14080242","title":"On the Potential of Enhancing Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols via Age of Information","display_name":"On the Potential of Enhancing Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols via Age of Information","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292264040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14080242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14080242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14080242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/8/242/pdf?version=1661338218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/8/242/pdf?version=1661338218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091486894","display_name":"Georgios Kallitsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kallitsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-8369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057332137","display_name":"Vasileios Karyotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-9925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187792471","display_name":"Ionian University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xm4n520","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187792471"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Karyotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Tsirigoti Sq. 7, 49100 Corfu, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-9925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Tsirigoti Sq. 7, 49100 Corfu, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187792471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035126390","display_name":"Symeon Papavassiliou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-318X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Papavassiliou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-318X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035126390","https://openalex.org/A5057332137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059","https://openalex.org/I187792471"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":0.3571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60040522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"242","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7362365126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6984857320785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6247899532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interior-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","score":0.6041797399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.5101852416992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5097710490226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4720521867275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"End-to-end delay","score":0.4596185088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.44072383642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3948463499546051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7362365126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6984857320785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6247899532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52837422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431028","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","level":5,"score":0.6041797399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.5101852416992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5097710490226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4720521867275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37624559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375776","display_name":"End-to-end delay","level":3,"score":0.4596185088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.44072383642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3948463499546051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14080242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14080242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/8/242/pdf?version=1661338218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:242-:d:890519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/8/242/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52b879abbf2c472c882d6dfe1cf26019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52b879abbf2c472c882d6dfe1cf26019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 242 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14080242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14080242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/8/242/pdf?version=1661338218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292264040.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919404870","https://openalex.org/W2010634640","https://openalex.org/W2018019799","https://openalex.org/W2019627016","https://openalex.org/W2020828791","https://openalex.org/W2027067051","https://openalex.org/W2028365491","https://openalex.org/W2035778208","https://openalex.org/W2044008490","https://openalex.org/W2079184622","https://openalex.org/W2100688450","https://openalex.org/W2107930846","https://openalex.org/W2122716560","https://openalex.org/W2129849999","https://openalex.org/W2137775453","https://openalex.org/W2142651281","https://openalex.org/W2145949739","https://openalex.org/W2153297552","https://openalex.org/W2154089474","https://openalex.org/W2161822490","https://openalex.org/W2169530543","https://openalex.org/W2303232985","https://openalex.org/W2329638885","https://openalex.org/W2341593464","https://openalex.org/W2565134639","https://openalex.org/W2920692324","https://openalex.org/W2921990134","https://openalex.org/W3021100206","https://openalex.org/W3029672350","https://openalex.org/W3119661651","https://openalex.org/W3153999597","https://openalex.org/W3192147991","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4280606790","https://openalex.org/W6638732271","https://openalex.org/W6701620065","https://openalex.org/W6760414504","https://openalex.org/W6776294808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997091564","https://openalex.org/W2537880892","https://openalex.org/W2128816990","https://openalex.org/W2182380586","https://openalex.org/W2108305519","https://openalex.org/W2607223747","https://openalex.org/W2102655743","https://openalex.org/W2373440974","https://openalex.org/W3007557981","https://openalex.org/W1585786976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,128],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,103,130],"study":[4],"the":[5,9,28,88,97,132,155,161,171,184],"potential":[6,185],"of":[7,11,13,30,99,134,165,186],"using":[8],"metric":[10],"Age":[12],"Information":[14],"(AoI)":[15],"for":[16,26,78,181],"enhancing":[17],"delay-tolerant":[18,100,137,190],"routing":[19,57,101,107,138,191],"protocols.":[20],"The":[21],"latter":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"proposed":[25],"alleviating":[27],"impact":[29],"long":[31,114],"roundtrip":[32],"time":[33,72],"in":[34,37,41,45,87,122,127,189],"networks":[35],"operating":[36],"harsh":[38],"environments,":[39],"e.g.,":[40],"distributed":[42],"applications":[43,80],"deployed":[44],"a":[46,52,135,179],"desert/sparsely":[47],"populated":[48],"area":[49],"without":[50],"infrastructure,":[51],"space":[53],"network,":[54],"etc.":[55],"Delay-tolerant":[56],"protocols":[58,108],"can":[59,110],"prevent":[60],"excessive":[61],"packet":[62,70,123,145],"timer":[63],"expiration,":[64],"but":[65],"do":[66],"not":[67],"provide":[68],"any":[69],"delivery":[71,157],"guarantee.":[73],"Thus,":[74],"they":[75],"are":[76,82],"unsuitable":[77],"time-sensitive":[79],"that":[81,109],"more":[83],"intensely":[84],"desired":[85],"nowadays":[86],"next":[89],"generation":[90],"networking":[91],"applications.":[92,194],"By":[93],"incorporating":[94],"AoI":[95,188],"into":[96],"operation":[98,133],"protocols,":[102],"aim":[104],"at":[105,149],"devising":[106],"cope":[111],"with":[112],"both":[113],"propagation":[115],"times":[116],"and":[117,163,192],"challenges":[118],"related":[119],"to":[120,142,170],"time-sensitivity":[121],"delivery.":[124],"More":[125],"specifically,":[126],"work,":[129],"modify":[131],"well-known":[136],"protocol,":[139],"namely":[140],"FRESH,":[141],"make":[143],"AoI-based":[144],"forwarding":[146],"decisions,":[147],"aiming":[148],"achieving":[150],"specific":[151],"delay":[152],"guarantees":[153],"regarding":[154],"end-to-end":[156],"time.":[158],"We":[159],"investigate":[160],"advantages":[162],"disadvantages":[164],"such":[166],"an":[167],"approach":[168],"compared":[169],"traditional":[172],"FRESH":[173],"protocol.":[174],"This":[175],"work":[176],"serves":[177],"as":[178],"cornerstone":[180],"successfully":[182],"demonstrating":[183],"exploiting":[187],"its":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2022-08-19T00:00:00"}