{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281775045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14060167","title":"Data Anonymization: An Experimental Evaluation Using Open-Source Tools","display_name":"Data Anonymization: An Experimental Evaluation Using Open-Source Tools","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281775045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14060167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/6/167/pdf?version=1653904164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/6/167/pdf?version=1653904164","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002058880","display_name":"Joana Tom\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-5152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Tom\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089540783","display_name":"Deolinda Rasteiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-6072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deolinda Rasteiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007020545","display_name":"Jorge Bernardino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-2011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Bernardino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-2011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering of Coimbra\u2014ISEC, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007020545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":3.0744,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92206769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"167","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8825438618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.8053703904151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-anonymization","display_name":"Data anonymization","score":0.781825065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6629220247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6009931564331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4682021737098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.41800469160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.409893274307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32807457447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.31233108043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19452795386314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10426834225654602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8825438618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.8053703904151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006654","display_name":"Data anonymization","level":3,"score":0.781825065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6629220247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6009931564331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4682021737098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41800469160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.409893274307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32807457447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.31233108043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19452795386314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10426834225654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/6/167/pdf?version=1653904164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:167-:d:827684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/6/167/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd5e8e1a68bd473e975f1dd1b66c24a6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd5e8e1a68bd473e975f1dd1b66c24a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 167 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/6/167/pdf?version=1653904164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281775045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281775045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054017403","https://openalex.org/W2398364701","https://openalex.org/W2798578425","https://openalex.org/W2804673850","https://openalex.org/W2885981723","https://openalex.org/W2939495944","https://openalex.org/W2970634970","https://openalex.org/W3007878074","https://openalex.org/W3008741522","https://openalex.org/W3199740922","https://openalex.org/W4230575913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944823289","https://openalex.org/W3037018281","https://openalex.org/W2972592048","https://openalex.org/W2358319515","https://openalex.org/W3186420513","https://openalex.org/W2974480993","https://openalex.org/W2604278997","https://openalex.org/W4387005985","https://openalex.org/W2950947179","https://openalex.org/W2777883117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79,125],"recent":[1,101],"years,":[2],"the":[3,26,40,54,90,99,104,112,126,130,146,163,171,181],"use":[4,185],"of":[5,42],"personal":[6],"data":[7,46,56,187],"in":[8,86,170,186],"marketing,":[9],"scientific":[10],"and":[11,14,29,31,68,93,106,143,162],"medical":[12],"investigation,":[13],"forecasting":[15],"future":[16],"trends":[17],"has":[18,120,140],"really":[19],"increased.":[20],"This":[21],"information":[22,37],"is":[23,48,134,149,156,180],"used":[24],"by":[25],"government,":[27],"companies,":[28],"individuals,":[30],"should":[32],"not":[33,166],"contain":[34],"any":[35,168],"sensitive":[36],"that":[38,75,116,138,176],"allows":[39],"identification":[41],"an":[43,63],"individual.":[44,64],"Therefore,":[45],"anonymization":[47,52,147,172],"essential":[49],"nowadays.":[50],"Data":[51,66,118,153,178],"changes":[53],"original":[55],"to":[57,61,136,158,184],"make":[58],"it":[59,133,155],"difficult":[60],"identify":[62],"ARX":[65,117,152,177],"Anonymization":[67,119,179],"Amnesia":[69,139],"are":[70],"two":[71,87],"popular":[72],"open-source":[73],"tools":[74,85],"simplify":[76],"this":[77,80],"process.":[78,173],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"evaluate":[83],"these":[84],"ways:":[88],"with":[89,98,111],"OSSpal":[91,113],"methodology,":[92],"using":[94,129],"a":[95],"public":[96,131],"dataset":[97],"most":[100],"tweets":[102],"about":[103],"Pfizer":[105],"BioNTech":[107],"vaccine.":[108],"The":[109],"assessment":[110],"methodology":[114],"determines":[115],"better":[121],"results":[122],"than":[123],"Amnesia.":[124],"experimental":[127],"evaluation":[128],"dataset,":[132],"possible":[135,157],"verify":[137],"some":[141],"errors":[142],"limitations,":[144],"but":[145],"process":[148],"simpler.":[150],"Using":[151],"Anonymization,":[154],"upload":[159],"big":[160],"datasets":[161],"tool":[164],"does":[165],"show":[167],"error":[169],"We":[174],"concluded":[175],"one":[182],"recommended":[183],"anonymization.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}