{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281391514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159","title":"Low-Complexity GSM Detection Based on Maximum Ratio Combining","display_name":"Low-Complexity GSM Detection Based on Maximum Ratio Combining","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281391514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14050159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/159/pdf?version=1653385778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/159/pdf?version=1653385778","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660887","display_name":"Xinhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017901661","display_name":"Wenbo Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035969755","display_name":"Haoran Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-8896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101660887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02617493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"159","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9537000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.69907546043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6973356008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6895148754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5982436537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5229100584983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5107326507568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-ratio-combining","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","score":0.471874862909317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4584822356700897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4468365013599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.4342159926891327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42058077454566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15587952733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.09096512198448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.08232852816581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.69907546043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6973356008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6895148754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5982436537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5229100584983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5107326507568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.471874862909317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4584822356700897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4468365013599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.4342159926891327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42058077454566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15587952733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.09096512198448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.08232852816581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14050159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/159/pdf?version=1653385778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:159-:d:822343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/159/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b2562996a5d468ab867aac30300c672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b2562996a5d468ab867aac30300c672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 159 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/14/5/159/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 159","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14050159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/159/pdf?version=1653385778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281391514.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W816829635","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W2020144024","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2105295385","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2150017129","https://openalex.org/W2792191271","https://openalex.org/W2799874292","https://openalex.org/W2949229731","https://openalex.org/W2955879857","https://openalex.org/W3198213255","https://openalex.org/W4200553176","https://openalex.org/W6644571669","https://openalex.org/W6983225056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2350210624","https://openalex.org/W3137781708","https://openalex.org/W2389109173","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W2139936226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generalized":[0],"spatial":[1,9],"modulation":[2,10,160,177,189,194],"(GSM)":[3],"technology":[4],"is":[5,19,75,106,114,155,172],"an":[6],"extension":[7],"of":[8,15,44,48,65,120,135,182,193,208],"(SM)":[11],"technology,":[12],"and":[13],"one":[14],"its":[16],"main":[17],"advantages":[18],"to":[20,96,140,157,174],"further":[21],"improve":[22],"band":[23],"efficiency.":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,34,38,42,49,63,72,76,98,107,117,121,126,133,142,159,163,176,188,210,218,226,234],"multiple":[27],"active":[28],"antennas":[29],"for":[30,186,201],"transmission":[31],"also":[32,230],"brings":[33],"demodulation":[35],"difficulties":[36],"at":[37,71],"receiver.":[39,73],"To":[40],"solve":[41],"problem":[43],"high":[45],"computational":[46,143,180,235],"complexity":[47,181],"optimal":[50],"maximum":[51,77,108,150,168],"likelihood":[52,151,169],"(ML)":[53],"detection,":[54],"two":[55,184,212],"sub-optimal":[56],"detection":[57,80,111,153],"algorithms":[58,185,213],"are":[59,191],"proposed":[60,211],"through":[61,137],"reducing":[62],"number":[64,134,207],"transmit":[66],"antenna":[67],"combinations":[68],"(TACs)":[69],"detected":[70],"One":[74],"ratio":[78,109],"combining":[79,110],"algorithm":[81,131,154,171],"based":[82,115],"on":[83,116],"repetitive":[84,93],"sorting":[85,94],"strategy,":[86],"termed":[87,125],"as":[88,225],"(MRC-RS),":[89],"which":[90,113],"uses":[91],"MRC":[92],"strategy":[95],"select":[97],"most":[99],"likely":[100],"TACs":[101,136],"in":[102],"detection.":[103],"The":[104,129,179,196],"other":[105],"algorithm,":[112,228],"iterative":[118],"idea":[119],"orthogonal":[122],"matching":[123],"pursuit,":[124],"MRC-MP":[127,130],"algorithm.":[128],"reduces":[132],"finite":[138],"iterations":[139],"reduce":[141,233],"complexity.":[144,236],"For":[145,162],"M-QAM":[146],"constellation,":[147,165],"a":[148,166,205],"hard-limited":[149],"(HLML)":[152],"introduced":[156,173],"calculate":[158,175],"symbol.":[161,178],"M-PSK":[164],"low-complexity":[167],"(LCML)":[170],"these":[183],"calculating":[187],"symbol":[190],"independent":[192],"order.":[195],"simulation":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"that":[200],"GSM":[202],"systems":[203],"with":[204],"large":[206],"TACs,":[209],"not":[214],"only":[215],"achieve":[216],"almost":[217],"same":[219],"bit":[220],"error":[221],"rate":[222],"(BER)":[223],"performance":[224],"ML":[227],"but":[229],"can":[231],"greatly":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
