{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223613659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040117","title":"From 5G to 6G\u2014Challenges, Technologies, and Applications","display_name":"From 5G to 6G\u2014Challenges, Technologies, and Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223613659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/117/pdf?version=1649779165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/117/pdf?version=1649779165","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011023387","display_name":"Ahmed I. Salameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-241X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed I. Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-241X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046982471","display_name":"Mohamed El\u2010Tarhuni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-359X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed El Tarhuni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-359X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011023387","https://openalex.org/A5046982471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":9.3554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98963319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.8398480415344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8300170302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.683246374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5870574712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5167552828788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5007326602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successor-cardinal","display_name":"Successor cardinal","score":0.49637967348098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4952930510044098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4826927185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4414103329181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4408528804779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.4299645721912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4111180305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25156474113464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18662750720977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15279936790466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09511610865592957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.8398480415344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8300170302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.683246374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5870574712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5167552828788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5007326602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632662","display_name":"Successor cardinal","level":2,"score":0.49637967348098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4952930510044098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4826927185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4414103329181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4408528804779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.4299645721912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4111180305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25156474113464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18662750720977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15279936790466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09511610865592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/117/pdf?version=1649779165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:117-:d:792529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/117/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8db2dd061b96415f9b9dd40da7655bf9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8db2dd061b96415f9b9dd40da7655bf9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 117 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/117/pdf?version=1649779165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223613659.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223613659.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":159,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560042744","https://openalex.org/W1980014021","https://openalex.org/W2008942845","https://openalex.org/W2018697864","https://openalex.org/W2021614759","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2065105631","https://openalex.org/W2086067102","https://openalex.org/W2105456127","https://openalex.org/W2112250971","https://openalex.org/W2126026248","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2306941105","https://openalex.org/W2491506619","https://openalex.org/W2541556211","https://openalex.org/W2564207285","https://openalex.org/W2577212626","https://openalex.org/W2586459757","https://openalex.org/W2596396732","https://openalex.org/W2599615286","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2608727628","https://openalex.org/W2613105449","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2730926166","https://openalex.org/W2736637465","https://openalex.org/W2740537439","https://openalex.org/W2783762056","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2811268762","https://openalex.org/W2847347890","https://openalex.org/W2883092241","https://openalex.org/W2883271860","https://openalex.org/W2886130191","https://openalex.org/W2887003841","https://openalex.org/W2895187097","https://openalex.org/W2895216609","https://openalex.org/W2908983482","https://openalex.org/W2919058785","https://openalex.org/W2924877180","https://openalex.org/W2946264874","https://openalex.org/W2947489899","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2962855623","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2964261925","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969077220","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2991395788","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3002070765","https://openalex.org/W3002159761","https://openalex.org/W3003160905","https://openalex.org/W3004982808","https://openalex.org/W3007633271","https://openalex.org/W3011676575","https://openalex.org/W3021248054","https://openalex.org/W3022862906","https://openalex.org/W3023981559","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3040922689","https://openalex.org/W3042888165","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3045320743","https://openalex.org/W3046122940","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3082337586","https://openalex.org/W3083282640","https://openalex.org/W3090694330","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3096330798","https://openalex.org/W3096580630","https://openalex.org/W3098912659","https://openalex.org/W3099019646","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3108070598","https://openalex.org/W3109975393","https://openalex.org/W3110682650","https://openalex.org/W3111622541","https://openalex.org/W3112248143","https://openalex.org/W3112680140","https://openalex.org/W3113978062","https://openalex.org/W3118230353","https://openalex.org/W3120110115","https://openalex.org/W3120137063","https://openalex.org/W3120314863","https://openalex.org/W3120759960","https://openalex.org/W3122989495","https://openalex.org/W3124636823","https://openalex.org/W3125114007","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3127355490","https://openalex.org/W3128512957","https://openalex.org/W3129773144","https://openalex.org/W3132538708","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3136454200","https://openalex.org/W3137298777","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3144686959","https://openalex.org/W3146023480","https://openalex.org/W3146736019","https://openalex.org/W3153040924","https://openalex.org/W3154946637","https://openalex.org/W3155918123","https://openalex.org/W3156651317","https://openalex.org/W3161092355","https://openalex.org/W3161136127","https://openalex.org/W3161594686","https://openalex.org/W3162169943","https://openalex.org/W3163359268","https://openalex.org/W3163625664","https://openalex.org/W3167290416","https://openalex.org/W3167321404","https://openalex.org/W3171246642","https://openalex.org/W3171433148","https://openalex.org/W3173151636","https://openalex.org/W3176056045","https://openalex.org/W3176508160","https://openalex.org/W3177068995","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W3181173137","https://openalex.org/W3181619495","https://openalex.org/W3184442399","https://openalex.org/W3184702194","https://openalex.org/W3185494202","https://openalex.org/W3185629195","https://openalex.org/W3186183615","https://openalex.org/W3190746070","https://openalex.org/W3194048193","https://openalex.org/W3194142422","https://openalex.org/W3195911184","https://openalex.org/W3201960826","https://openalex.org/W3203620741","https://openalex.org/W3204646781","https://openalex.org/W3205709385","https://openalex.org/W3206591284","https://openalex.org/W3206665724","https://openalex.org/W3209937276","https://openalex.org/W3211304744","https://openalex.org/W3212172683","https://openalex.org/W3214763251","https://openalex.org/W3217487334","https://openalex.org/W4226499103","https://openalex.org/W4231921286","https://openalex.org/W4238008888","https://openalex.org/W4244795921","https://openalex.org/W4247931724","https://openalex.org/W4300972769","https://openalex.org/W6728150055","https://openalex.org/W6730436539","https://openalex.org/W6750558901","https://openalex.org/W6756832365","https://openalex.org/W6762327560","https://openalex.org/W6803450312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858249912","https://openalex.org/W2114034199","https://openalex.org/W4391249598","https://openalex.org/W2317428717","https://openalex.org/W2734259032","https://openalex.org/W3094038556","https://openalex.org/W2014772881","https://openalex.org/W4254228154","https://openalex.org/W4296345146","https://openalex.org/W2118370511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,11,13,20,29,35,47,51,59,70,76,85],"deployment":[2],"of":[3,22,31,37,50,69,99],"5G":[4,32,91],"mobile":[5],"radio":[6],"networks":[7,94],"gains":[8],"momentum":[9],"across":[10],"globe,":[12],"wireless":[14],"research":[15,86,102],"community":[16],"is":[17],"already":[18],"planning":[19],"successor":[21],"5G.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,81],"highlight":[28],"shortcomings":[30],"in":[33],"meeting":[34],"needs":[36],"more":[38],"data-intensive,":[39],"low-latency,":[40],"and":[41,62,83,92,101,104],"ultra-high-reliability":[42],"applications.":[43],"We":[44,65],"then":[45],"discuss":[46,67],"salient":[48],"characteristics":[49],"6G":[52,93,110],"network":[53],"following":[54],"a":[55,106],"hierarchical":[56],"approach":[57],"including":[58],"social,":[60],"economic,":[61],"technological":[63],"aspects.":[64],"also":[66],"some":[68],"key":[71],"technologies":[72],"expected":[73],"to":[74,89],"support":[75],"move":[77],"towards":[78],"6G.":[79],"Finally,":[80],"quantify":[82],"summarize":[84],"work":[87],"related":[88],"beyond":[90],"through":[95],"an":[96],"extensive":[97],"search":[98],"publications":[100],"groups":[103],"present":[105],"possible":[107],"timeline":[108],"for":[109],"activities.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
