{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220886350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106","title":"Special Issue \u201cNatural Language Engineering: Methods, Tasks and Applications\u201d","display_name":"Special Issue \u201cNatural Language Engineering: Methods, Tasks and Applications\u201d","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220886350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/106/pdf?version=1648454384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/106/pdf?version=1648454384","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086794713","display_name":"Massimo Esposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-7994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-7994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062330915","display_name":"Giovanni Luca Masala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-9424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Luca Masala","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-9424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038855081","display_name":"Aniello Minutolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4744-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniello Minutolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4744-3506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060643104","display_name":"Marco Pota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-6393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-6393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking\u2013National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), 80100 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060643104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"106","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9199689626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-programming","display_name":"Natural language programming","score":0.6441459655761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6383296847343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.6246308088302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47763386368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47161203622817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4457052946090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-identification","display_name":"Language identification","score":0.4163439869880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.4090278446674347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-approach","display_name":"Comprehension approach","score":0.1167609691619873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9199689626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67463725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17081452","display_name":"Natural language programming","level":5,"score":0.6441459655761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6383296847343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.6246308088302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47763386368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47161203622817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4457052946090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.4163439869880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.4090278446674347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.1167609691619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/106/pdf?version=1648454384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:93867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106>)","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/93867/1/futureinternet-14-00106-v2%20%282%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Edited Journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:106-:d:780563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/106/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfdd1d4010154b73b85e0379bcb48eb1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfdd1d4010154b73b85e0379bcb48eb1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 106 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14040106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14040106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/4/106/pdf?version=1648454384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220886350.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220886350.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294756950","https://openalex.org/W2808173388","https://openalex.org/W2884460603","https://openalex.org/W2899555336","https://openalex.org/W2963797960","https://openalex.org/W2972567024","https://openalex.org/W2993055513","https://openalex.org/W2993843842","https://openalex.org/W3041089014","https://openalex.org/W3133652505","https://openalex.org/W3134444039","https://openalex.org/W3157837610","https://openalex.org/W3194951196","https://openalex.org/W3213372862","https://openalex.org/W6791752676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913520953","https://openalex.org/W4310801723","https://openalex.org/W2067569787","https://openalex.org/W2079798264","https://openalex.org/W2383292628","https://openalex.org/W2808455255","https://openalex.org/W1641801284","https://openalex.org/W2401646948","https://openalex.org/W2271580391","https://openalex.org/W3030968840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"language":[1,13],"engineering":[2],"includes":[3],"a":[4,18],"continuously":[5],"enlarging":[6],"variety":[7],"of":[8,21],"methods":[9],"for":[10],"solving":[11],"natural":[12],"processing":[14],"(NLP)":[15],"tasks":[16],"within":[17],"pervasive":[19],"number":[20],"applications":[22],"[...]":[23]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}