{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200390896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010005","title":"Your Face Mirrors Your Deepest Beliefs\u2014Predicting Personality and Morals through Facial Emotion Recognition","display_name":"Your Face Mirrors Your Deepest Beliefs\u2014Predicting Personality and Morals through Facial Emotion Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200390896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/1/5/pdf?version=1640245379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/1/5/pdf?version=1640245379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028276052","display_name":"Peter A. Gloor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-3224"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Gloor","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-3224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060800037","display_name":"Andrea Fronzetti Colladon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Fronzetti Colladon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-9722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032786797","display_name":"Erkin Altuntas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erkin Altuntas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Galaxyadvisors AG, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Galaxyadvisors AG, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074927091","display_name":"Cengiz Cetinkaya .","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81007117","display_name":"Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04nd0xd48","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cengiz Cetinkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81007117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025773606","display_name":"Maximilian F. Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-4414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian F. Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-4414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024576011","display_name":"Lukas Ripperger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Ripperger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102848431","display_name":"Tim Schaefer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-8636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060800037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1512},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1512},"fwci":1.4739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83538314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.8069201111793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5940492749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5759739875793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5207407474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5015277862548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4506790339946747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4338078796863556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4160367250442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.410254567861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3422318398952484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2515597343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.14435946941375732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.8069201111793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5940492749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5759739875793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5207407474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5015277862548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4506790339946747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4338078796863556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4160367250442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.410254567861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3422318398952484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2515597343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.14435946941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/1/5/pdf?version=1640245379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2112.12455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.12455","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.12455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d71c6fc0485b4bc1a2018fc25cc4cfae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d71c6fc0485b4bc1a2018fc25cc4cfae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 5 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/491048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11590/491048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi14010005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/1/5/pdf?version=1640245379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200390896.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158871195","https://openalex.org/W1896027656","https://openalex.org/W1977696913","https://openalex.org/W1981886411","https://openalex.org/W2000297974","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2011954229","https://openalex.org/W2074135776","https://openalex.org/W2099930163","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2106496916","https://openalex.org/W2133269263","https://openalex.org/W2136267579","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2154868463","https://openalex.org/W2155052778","https://openalex.org/W2166479288","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2268421884","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2480710602","https://openalex.org/W2573933330","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2662684858","https://openalex.org/W2763560359","https://openalex.org/W2791095354","https://openalex.org/W2792191740","https://openalex.org/W2797943262","https://openalex.org/W2808676993","https://openalex.org/W2908473373","https://openalex.org/W2953331482","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W3080845193","https://openalex.org/W3125232880","https://openalex.org/W3161307827","https://openalex.org/W4235814718","https://openalex.org/W4240843895","https://openalex.org/W4244419644","https://openalex.org/W4246411710","https://openalex.org/W4292545669","https://openalex.org/W4294333904","https://openalex.org/W4295313945","https://openalex.org/W4300697467","https://openalex.org/W6750807394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358230867","https://openalex.org/W2123478443","https://openalex.org/W2381358127","https://openalex.org/W2385784898","https://openalex.org/W2352060494","https://openalex.org/W2391026939","https://openalex.org/W2356123413","https://openalex.org/W2115635058","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Can":[0],"we":[1,73],"really":[2],"\u201cread":[3],"the":[4,7,36,46,50,71,79,92,108,114,119,125,149,199,202],"mind":[5],"in":[6,14,153,179],"eyes\u201d?":[8],"Moreover,":[9],"can":[10,141],"AI":[11],"assist":[12],"us":[13],"this":[15],"task?":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"answers":[19],"these":[20,95],"two":[21],"questions":[22],"by":[23,44,176],"introducing":[24],"a":[25,60],"machine":[26],"learning":[27],"system":[28],"that":[29,132,169,187,207],"predicts":[30],"personality":[31,103,112,133,171,194],"characteristics":[32,104,134,172],"of":[33,38,49,62,66,102,138,159,204],"individuals":[34,96],"on":[35],"basis":[37],"their":[39,82,88,145,154],"face.":[40],"It":[41],"does":[42],"so":[43],"tracking":[45],"emotional":[47,83,146],"response":[48,147,200],"individual\u2019s":[51],"face":[52],"through":[53,87,144],"facial":[54,89],"emotion":[55],"recognition":[56],"(FER)":[57],"while":[58,81],"watching":[59],"series":[61],"15":[63],"short":[64],"videos":[65,150,206],"different":[67,170,177,205],"genres.":[68],"To":[69],"calibrate":[70],"system,":[72,123],"invited":[74],"85":[75],"people":[76],"to":[77,148,161,201],"watch":[78],"videos,":[80,178],"responses":[84],"were":[85],"analyzed":[86],"expression.":[90],"At":[91],"same":[93],"time,":[94],"also":[97,167],"took":[98],"four":[99],"well-validated":[100],"surveys":[101],"and":[105,124,135],"moral":[106,116,136],"values:":[107],"revised":[109],"NEO":[110],"FFI":[111],"inventory,":[113],"Haidt":[115],"foundations":[117],"test,":[118],"Schwartz":[120],"personal":[121],"value":[122],"domain-specific":[126],"risk-taking":[127],"scale":[128],"(DOSPERT).":[129],"We":[130,166],"found":[131,168],"values":[137],"an":[139,157],"individual":[140],"be":[142],"predicted":[143,175],"as":[151],"shown":[152],"face,":[155],"with":[156],"accuracy":[158],"up":[160],"86%":[162],"using":[163],"gradient-boosted":[164],"trees.":[165],"are":[173],"better":[174],"other":[180],"words,":[181],"there":[182],"is":[183,198],"no":[184],"single":[185],"video":[186],"will":[188],"provide":[189],"accurate":[190,210],"predictions":[191],"for":[192,209],"all":[193],"characteristics,":[195],"but":[196],"it":[197],"mix":[203],"allows":[208],"prediction.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
