{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215886655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","title":"Machine Learning Algorithm for Delay Prediction in IoT and Tactile Internet","display_name":"Machine Learning Algorithm for Delay Prediction in IoT and Tactile Internet","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215886655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","mag":"3215886655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13120304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/304/pdf?version=1638195139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/304/pdf?version=1638195139","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110818749","display_name":"Ali R. Abdellah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["EG","RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali R. Abdellah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena 83513, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-738X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena 83513, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103140983","display_name":"Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007458233","display_name":"Ruslan Kirichek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-6840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruslan Kirichek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083911486","display_name":"Alexander Paramonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-3504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Paramonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-3504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018187110","display_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110818749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183","https://openalex.org/I37355250"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.8737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"304","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8438102006912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7231267690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6369985938072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5811554193496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5558411478996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5097531676292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5070252418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43850693106651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.43259212374687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-autoregressive-exogenous-model","display_name":"Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model","score":0.4287397265434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-percentage-error","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","score":0.421970933675766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.41591253876686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3242044746875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2002096176147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.12357088923454285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8438102006912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7231267690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6369985938072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5811554193496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5558411478996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5097531676292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5070252418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43850693106651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.43259212374687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42536954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049462","display_name":"Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model","level":3,"score":0.4287397265434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.421970933675766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41591253876686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3242044746875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2002096176147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.12357088923454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13120304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/304/pdf?version=1638195139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:304-:d:688948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/304/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df7f62be09b2456f85160fab5cd43960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df7f62be09b2456f85160fab5cd43960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 304 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/12/304/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 12; Pages: 304","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13120304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120304","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/304/pdf?version=1638195139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215886655.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166440471","https://openalex.org/W1967429206","https://openalex.org/W2289305102","https://openalex.org/W2502273082","https://openalex.org/W2548079832","https://openalex.org/W2736281251","https://openalex.org/W2791416295","https://openalex.org/W2809684781","https://openalex.org/W2850214633","https://openalex.org/W2888239087","https://openalex.org/W2889793454","https://openalex.org/W2908270258","https://openalex.org/W2910469672","https://openalex.org/W2945214738","https://openalex.org/W2946673827","https://openalex.org/W2955551573","https://openalex.org/W2966178500","https://openalex.org/W2972566347","https://openalex.org/W2972717909","https://openalex.org/W2973449430","https://openalex.org/W2996165627","https://openalex.org/W2996542543","https://openalex.org/W3003332891","https://openalex.org/W3022643593","https://openalex.org/W3039871449","https://openalex.org/W3094450200","https://openalex.org/W3104969051","https://openalex.org/W3115714663","https://openalex.org/W3117675108","https://openalex.org/W3118778870","https://openalex.org/W3119957634","https://openalex.org/W3123686504","https://openalex.org/W3132782787","https://openalex.org/W3157142052","https://openalex.org/W3168992578","https://openalex.org/W3188101068","https://openalex.org/W6636000734","https://openalex.org/W6737885794","https://openalex.org/W6785804725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318676890","https://openalex.org/W2039947585","https://openalex.org/W4385195237","https://openalex.org/W3178576217","https://openalex.org/W4285102093","https://openalex.org/W4210644201","https://openalex.org/W3111532652","https://openalex.org/W2510451507","https://openalex.org/W4283367183","https://openalex.org/W4242415550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,157,186],"next-generation":[1],"cellular":[2,6],"systems,":[3],"including":[4],"fifth-generation":[5],"systems":[7,45],"(5G),":[8],"are":[9,32,67],"empowered":[10,37],"with":[11,38,43,87,146,149,161,176],"the":[12,29,52,64,79,142,181,189],"recent":[13,21],"advances":[14],"in":[15,111],"artificial":[16],"intelligence":[17],"(AI)":[18],"and":[19,28,41,66,100,137,180,209],"other":[20],"paradigms.":[22],"internet":[24,31,139],"of":[25,61,78,102,188],"things":[26],"(IoT)":[27],"tactile":[30,138],"paradigms":[33],"that":[34,50,84],"can":[35,58,108],"be":[36,109],"AI":[39,86],"solutions":[40],"integrated":[42],"5G":[44],"to":[46,96],"deliver":[47],"novel":[48],"services":[49],"impact":[51],"future.":[53],"Machine":[54],"learning":[55],"technologies":[56],"(ML)":[57],"understand":[59],"examples":[60],"nonlinearity":[62],"from":[63],"environment":[65],"suitable":[68],"for":[69,135],"network":[70,116,122,125,155],"traffic":[71,74],"prediction.":[72],"Network":[73],"prediction":[75,91,134,144],"is":[76,92],"one":[77],"most":[80],"active":[81],"research":[82],"areas":[83],"integrates":[85],"information":[88],"networks.":[89],"Traffic":[90],"an":[93],"integral":[94],"approach":[95,145],"ensure":[97],"security,":[98],"reliability,":[99],"quality":[101],"service":[103],"(QoS)":[104],"requirements.":[105],"Nowadays,":[106],"it":[107],"used":[110],"various":[112],"applications,":[113],"such":[114],"as":[115],"monitoring,":[117],"resource":[118],"management,":[119],"congestion":[120],"control,":[121],"bandwidth":[123],"allocation,":[124],"intrusion":[126],"detection,":[127],"etc.":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"performs":[131],"time":[132],"series":[133],"IoT":[136],"delays,":[140],"using":[141,194],"k-step-ahead":[143],"nonlinear":[147],"autoregressive":[148],"external":[150],"input":[151],"(NARX)-enabled":[152],"recurrent":[153],"neural":[154],"(RNN).":[156],"ML":[158],"was":[159,192],"trained":[160],"four":[162],"different":[163],"training":[164],"functions:":[165],"Bayesian":[166],"regularization":[167],"backpropagation":[168,171,175,183],"(Trainbr),":[169],"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt":[170],"(Trainlm),":[172],"conjugate":[173],"gradient":[174],"Fletcher\u2013Reeves":[177],"updates":[178],"(Traincgf),":[179],"resilient":[182],"algorithm":[184],"(Trainrp).":[185],"accuracy":[187],"predicted":[190],"delay":[191],"measured":[193],"three":[195],"functions":[196],"based":[197],"on":[198],"ML:":[199],"mean":[200,205,210],"square":[201,206],"error":[202,207,213],"(MSE),":[203],"root":[204],"(RMSE),":[208],"absolute":[211],"percentage":[212],"(MAPE).":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
