{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197229850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","title":"User Authentication Based on Handwriting Analysis of Pen-Tablet Sensor Data Using Optimal Feature Selection Model","display_name":"User Authentication Based on Handwriting Analysis of Pen-Tablet Sensor Data Using Optimal Feature Selection Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197229850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","mag":"3197229850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13090231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/231/pdf?version=1631081914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/231/pdf?version=1631081914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016918201","display_name":"Nasima Begum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-5121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasima Begum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-5121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074311237","display_name":"Md. Azim Hossain Akash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Azim Hossain Akash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076752778","display_name":"Sayma Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayma Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005221038","display_name":"Jungpil Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungpil Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8580, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8580, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755654","display_name":"Md. Rashedul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-6338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Rashedul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-6338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015006831","display_name":"Md. Ezharul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-2848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Ezharul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015006831","https://openalex.org/A5100755654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323","https://openalex.org/I46080048"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.8135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71100198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"231","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8896331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.6616283059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6389949917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5826076865196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5442360639572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5304248929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5214495062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.505310595035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4605402648448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4524362087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.45143869519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4364878535270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4245263934135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41939598321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13658592104911804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8896331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.6616283059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6389949917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5826076865196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5442360639572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5304248929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5214495062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.505310595035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4605402648448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4524362087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45143869519233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4364878535270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4245263934135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41939598321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13658592104911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13090231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/231/pdf?version=1631081914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:231-:d:630294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/231/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6121eca51b3d4f96891580697c8bd562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6121eca51b3d4f96891580697c8bd562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 231 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/9/231/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 9; Pages: 231","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13090231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/231/pdf?version=1631081914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197229850.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519832292","https://openalex.org/W1973261073","https://openalex.org/W1984170645","https://openalex.org/W2028668608","https://openalex.org/W2062219129","https://openalex.org/W2105571589","https://openalex.org/W2111727897","https://openalex.org/W2132612523","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2155793192","https://openalex.org/W2229084161","https://openalex.org/W2327761480","https://openalex.org/W2499889932","https://openalex.org/W2761834205","https://openalex.org/W2800539131","https://openalex.org/W2893776197","https://openalex.org/W2903605945","https://openalex.org/W2909407238","https://openalex.org/W2979366266","https://openalex.org/W3000715393","https://openalex.org/W3010709616","https://openalex.org/W3024212125","https://openalex.org/W3028469446","https://openalex.org/W3039446505","https://openalex.org/W3042848739","https://openalex.org/W3048672684","https://openalex.org/W3082022812","https://openalex.org/W3127666337","https://openalex.org/W6689613963","https://openalex.org/W6701444831","https://openalex.org/W6713486973","https://openalex.org/W6757599249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907390490","https://openalex.org/W2904863973","https://openalex.org/W2560024307","https://openalex.org/W1504288058","https://openalex.org/W2248971496","https://openalex.org/W3011896869","https://openalex.org/W2586419121","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W2334089200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handwriting":[0],"analysis":[1,42,112,258],"is":[2],"playing":[3],"an":[4,146],"important":[5],"role":[6,23],"in":[7,24,101],"user":[8,115,142,204,278],"authentication":[9,58,116,127],"or":[10,48,65,98],"online":[11],"writer":[12],"identification":[13,143,279],"for":[14,113,132,177,203,277],"more":[15,168,265],"than":[16],"a":[17,21,138,217,228,247],"decade.":[18],"It":[19],"has":[20,71],"significant":[22],"different":[25],"applications":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"e-security,":[29],"signature":[30],"biometrics,":[31],"e-health,":[32],"gesture":[33],"analysis,":[34],"diagnosis":[35],"system":[36,144,166,276],"of":[37,43,51,74,95,124,159,189,194,274],"Parkinson\u2019s":[38],"disease,":[39],"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[40],"disorders,":[41],"vulnerable":[44,84],"people":[45],"(stressed,":[46],"elderly,":[47],"drugged),":[49],"prediction":[50],"gender,":[52],"handedness":[53],"and":[54,63,80,92,108,140,161,170,186,252,267],"so":[55],"on.":[56],"Classical":[57],"systems":[59,82,117],"are":[60,83,175,235],"image-based,":[61],"text-dependent,":[62],"password":[64],"fingerprint-based":[66],"where":[67],"the":[68,72,93,96,125,153,156,184,208,223,239,261,272],"former":[69],"one":[70],"risk":[73],"information":[75],"leakage.":[76],"Alternatively,":[77],"image":[78,97],"processing":[79],"pattern-analysis-based":[81],"to":[85,215,220,238,245],"camera":[86,88],"attributes,":[87],"frames,":[89],"light":[90],"effect,":[91],"quality":[94],"pattern.":[99],"Thus,":[100],"this":[102],"paper,":[103],"we":[104,226],"concentrate":[105],"on":[106,152,182],"real-time":[107],"context-free":[109],"handwriting":[110],"data":[111,173,193],"robust":[114,139],"using":[118,145],"digital":[119,195],"pen-tablet":[120,196],"sensor":[121],"data.":[122],"Most":[123],"state-of-the-art":[126],"models":[128],"show":[129],"suboptimal":[130],"performance":[131],"improper":[133],"features.":[134],"This":[135],"research":[136],"proposed":[137,165,262],"efficient":[141],"optimal":[147,224],"feature":[148,201,230],"selection":[149,231],"technique":[150],"based":[151,181],"features":[154,178,188,209,234],"from":[155],"sensor\u2019s":[157],"signal":[158],"pen":[160],"tablet":[162],"devices.":[163],"The":[164,255],"includes":[167],"genuine":[169],"accurate":[171,266],"numerical":[172],"which":[174,270],"used":[176],"extraction":[179],"model":[180,263],"both":[183],"kinematic":[185],"statistical":[187],"individual":[190],"handwritings.":[191],"Sensor":[192],"devices":[197],"generate":[198,246],"high":[199],"dimensional":[200],"vectors":[202],"identification.":[205],"However,":[206],"all":[207],"do":[210],"not":[211],"play":[212],"equal":[213],"contribution":[214],"identify":[216],"user.":[218],"Hence,":[219],"find":[221],"out":[222],"features,":[225],"utilized":[227],"hybrid":[229],"model.":[232],"Extracted":[233],"then":[236],"fed":[237],"popular":[240],"machine":[241],"learning":[242],"(ML)":[243],"algorithms":[244],"nonlinear":[248],"classifier":[249],"through":[250],"training":[251],"testing":[253],"phases.":[254],"experimental":[256],"result":[257],"shows":[259],"that":[260],"achieves":[264],"satisfactory":[268],"results":[269],"ensure":[271],"practicality":[273],"our":[275],"with":[280],"low":[281],"computational":[282],"cost.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
