{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184676435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","title":"Education 4.0: Teaching the Basics of KNN, LDA and Simple Perceptron Algorithms for Binary Classification Problems","display_name":"Education 4.0: Teaching the Basics of KNN, LDA and Simple Perceptron Algorithms for Binary Classification Problems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184676435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","mag":"3184676435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13080193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/8/193/pdf?version=1627382332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/8/193/pdf?version=1627382332","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078846144","display_name":"Diego Lopez-Bernal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-9574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diego Lopez-Bernal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-9574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024107250","display_name":"David Balderas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-8608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Balderas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-8608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085636293","display_name":"Pedro Ponce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Ponce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031707583","display_name":"Arturo Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-2879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-2879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, National Department of Research, Puente 222, Del. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078846144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":3.7771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94254932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"193","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8675360679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6849795579910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6252321004867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.6082868576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.590208888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5580362677574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5521121621131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5479006767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.489729642868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.44104307889938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4189186096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.2905954122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.26381030678749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07221108675003052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8675360679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6849795579910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6252321004867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6082868576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.590208888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5580362677574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5521121621131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5479006767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.489729642868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44104307889938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4189186096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2905954122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26381030678749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07221108675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13080193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/8/193/pdf?version=1627382332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:193-:d:602327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/8/193/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd1869e6f951491ca50349fac9a6fe66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd1869e6f951491ca50349fac9a6fe66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 193 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/8/193/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 193","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13080193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13080193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/8/193/pdf?version=1627382332","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184676435.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W746481651","https://openalex.org/W1841582317","https://openalex.org/W1908991523","https://openalex.org/W1920661432","https://openalex.org/W1982380672","https://openalex.org/W1985712316","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2139897147","https://openalex.org/W2164157157","https://openalex.org/W2172073485","https://openalex.org/W2218112468","https://openalex.org/W2266079378","https://openalex.org/W2322064349","https://openalex.org/W2510620627","https://openalex.org/W2515598829","https://openalex.org/W2569349941","https://openalex.org/W2570995264","https://openalex.org/W2586702902","https://openalex.org/W2587674390","https://openalex.org/W2601096366","https://openalex.org/W2739196455","https://openalex.org/W2752112201","https://openalex.org/W2753939603","https://openalex.org/W2769303435","https://openalex.org/W2789444712","https://openalex.org/W2804861478","https://openalex.org/W2887499899","https://openalex.org/W2888487581","https://openalex.org/W2917148378","https://openalex.org/W2922251209","https://openalex.org/W2963384288","https://openalex.org/W2963777800","https://openalex.org/W2965255203","https://openalex.org/W2967860686","https://openalex.org/W2980795652","https://openalex.org/W3009728299","https://openalex.org/W3028414831","https://openalex.org/W3091379954","https://openalex.org/W3102935907","https://openalex.org/W3105712592","https://openalex.org/W3111444472","https://openalex.org/W3122780569","https://openalex.org/W3124458696","https://openalex.org/W3127677188","https://openalex.org/W3130894125","https://openalex.org/W3134463303","https://openalex.org/W3143158417","https://openalex.org/W3152887310","https://openalex.org/W4241699496","https://openalex.org/W4242100153","https://openalex.org/W4253391481","https://openalex.org/W6640295729","https://openalex.org/W6646045192","https://openalex.org/W6700607531","https://openalex.org/W6743886694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3023858869","https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W89844371","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W4286643620","https://openalex.org/W4387048144","https://openalex.org/W2492135063","https://openalex.org/W2362514456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,5,62,94,123,154,168],"the":[2,25,47,60,67,89,121,165,176,201],"main":[3],"focuses":[4],"Education":[6],"4.0":[7],"is":[8,99],"to":[9,27,31,49,57,59,101,120,130,162,186,189,192,200],"provide":[10,163],"students":[11,37,164],"with":[12],"knowledge":[13,30,167],"on":[14,107],"disruptive":[15],"technologies,":[16],"such":[17,50],"as":[18,22,24,85,87,141,143,183],"Machine":[19],"Learning":[20],"(ML),":[21],"well":[23,86,142],"skills":[26],"implement":[28],"this":[29,53,155],"solve":[32,193],"real-life":[33,194],"problems.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"both":[36],"and":[38,42,82,92,171],"professors":[39],"require":[40],"teaching":[41],"learning":[43,73],"tools":[44,64],"that":[45,196],"facilitate":[46],"introduction":[48],"topics.":[51],"Consequently,":[52],"study":[54,156],"looks":[55],"forward":[56],"contributing":[58],"development":[61],"those":[63],"by":[65,160],"introducing":[66],"basic":[68,166],"theory":[69],"behind":[70],"three":[71,132,138],"machine":[72],"classifying":[74],"algorithms:":[75],"K-Nearest-Neighbor":[76],"(KNN),":[77],"Linear":[78],"Discriminant":[79],"Analysis":[80],"(LDA),":[81],"Simple":[83],"Perceptron;":[84],"discussing":[88],"diverse":[90],"advantages":[91],"disadvantages":[93],"each":[95,124],"method.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"it":[98,179],"proposed":[100],"analyze":[102],"how":[103,188],"these":[104,148],"methods":[105],"work":[106],"different":[108,133,139],"conditions":[109],"through":[110],"their":[111,128,145],"implementation":[112],"over":[113],"a":[114,184],"test":[115],"bench.":[116],"Thus,":[117],"in":[118,147],"addition":[119],"description":[122],"algorithm,":[125],"we":[126],"discuss":[127],"application":[129],"solving":[131],"binary":[134],"classification":[135],"problems":[136,195],"using":[137],"datasets,":[140],"comparing":[144],"performances":[146],"specific":[149],"case":[150],"studies.":[151],"The":[152],"findings":[153],"can":[157,180],"be":[158,181],"used":[159,182],"teachers":[161],"KNN,":[169],"LDA,":[170],"perceptron":[172],"algorithms,":[173],"and,":[174],"at":[175],"same":[177],"time,":[178],"guide":[185],"learn":[187],"apply":[190],"them":[191],"are":[197],"not":[198],"limited":[199],"presented":[202],"datasets.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
