{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178281818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","title":"Performance of the 5th Generation Indoor Wireless Technologies-Empirical Study","display_name":"Performance of the 5th Generation Indoor Wireless Technologies-Empirical Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178281818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","mag":"3178281818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13070180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/7/180/pdf?version=1625815560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/7/180/pdf?version=1625815560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033633161","display_name":"Mika Hoppari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mika Hoppari","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-2579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055964920","display_name":"Mikko Uitto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Uitto","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055993182","display_name":"Jukka M\u00e4kel\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka M\u00e4kel\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044751517","display_name":"Ilkka Harjula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilkka Harjula","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018061319","display_name":"Seppo J. Rantala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seppo Rantala","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90540 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033633161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1136,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1225},"fwci":1.4234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81328871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"180","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8618189096450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6252001523971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.582457423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.530792772769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5172751545906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4739125967025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.43259376287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.42971378564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3767780661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37239956855773926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8618189096450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6252001523971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.582457423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.530792772769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5172751545906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4739125967025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.43259376287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.42971378564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3767780661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37239956855773926}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13070180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/7/180/pdf?version=1625815560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:180-:d:591222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/7/180/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5070858cef6249c3a8d71c6e7a219f26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5070858cef6249c3a8d71c6e7a219f26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 180 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/7/180/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 7; Pages: 180","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13070180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13070180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/7/180/pdf?version=1625815560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178281818.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2776755467","https://openalex.org/W2902726161","https://openalex.org/W2907304115","https://openalex.org/W2937056472","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2989994609","https://openalex.org/W2999252306","https://openalex.org/W3010241516","https://openalex.org/W3021557739","https://openalex.org/W3022280172","https://openalex.org/W3035189025","https://openalex.org/W3088875828","https://openalex.org/W3115402630","https://openalex.org/W3116315767","https://openalex.org/W3137501867","https://openalex.org/W3157911541","https://openalex.org/W3159223588","https://openalex.org/W3162022720","https://openalex.org/W3179263208","https://openalex.org/W6794693334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2016000499","https://openalex.org/W2963570985","https://openalex.org/W2044415708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106,201,255],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,27,51,95,115,224,240,258],"5th":[3],"generation":[4],"(5G)":[5],"cellular":[6,100,253],"technology":[7,86],"has":[8],"introduced":[9],"several":[10],"enhancements":[11],"and":[12,47,63,69,73,99,148,151,178,187,194,226,230,267],"provides":[13],"better":[14],"performance":[15,70,183],"compared":[16],"to":[17,33],"previous":[18],"generations.":[19],"To":[20],"understand":[21,35],"the":[22,25,28,36,45,58,77,84,88,96,120,128,132,138,171,205,211,216,219,238,269,272],"real":[23,103],"capabilities,":[24],"importance":[26],"empirical":[29],"studies":[30],"is":[31,40,166,248],"significant":[32],"also":[34],"possible":[37],"limitations.":[38],"This":[39,168],"very":[41],"important":[42],"especially":[43,162],"from":[44,204],"service":[46,116],"use":[48,67,123],"case":[49],"point":[50],"view.":[52],"Several":[53],"test":[54,196,207],"sites":[55,81,108],"exist":[56],"around":[57],"globe":[59],"for":[60,91,264,271],"introducing,":[61],"testing,":[62],"evaluating":[64],"new":[65],"features,":[66],"cases,":[68],"in":[71,102,131,154,184,192,199,218,222,252],"restricted":[72],"secure":[74],"environments":[75],"alongside":[76],"commercial":[78],"operators.":[79],"Test":[80],"equipped":[82],"with":[83,112],"standard":[85],"are":[87,125,141],"perfect":[89],"places":[90],"performing":[92],"deep":[93],"analysis":[94],"latest":[97],"wireless":[98,241,274],"technologies":[101,242],"operating":[104],"environments.":[105],"testing":[107],"provide":[109,261],"valuable":[110,262],"information":[111,263],"sophisticated":[113],"quality":[114],"(QoS)":[117],"indicators":[118],"when":[119,163,228],"5G":[121,155,179,193,217],"vertical":[122],"cases":[124],"evaluated":[126],"using":[127],"actual":[129],"devices":[130],"carrier":[133],"grade":[134],"network.":[135],"In":[136,236],"addition,":[137,237],"Wi-Fi":[139,176,212],"standards":[140],"constantly":[142],"evolving":[143],"toward":[144],"higher":[145],"bit":[146],"rates":[147],"reduced":[149],"latency,":[150],"their":[152],"usage":[153,239],"dedicated":[156],"verticals":[157],"can":[158,214],"even":[159],"improve":[160],"performance,":[161,246],"lower":[164],"coverage":[165,231],"sufficient.":[167],"work":[169],"presents":[170],"detailed":[172],"comparative":[173],"measurements":[174,260],"between":[175],"6":[177,213],"New":[180],"Radio":[181],"(NR)":[182],"indoor":[185,220],"facilities":[186],"extensive":[188,206],"results":[189,202,257],"carried":[190],"out":[191],"beyond":[195],"site":[197],"located":[198],"Finland.":[200],"gathered":[203],"sets":[208],"indicate":[209],"that":[210],"outperform":[215],"environment":[221],"terms":[223],"throughput":[225],"latency":[227],"distance":[229],"do":[232],"not":[233],"increase":[234],"enormously.":[235],"allows":[243],"improved":[244],"uplink":[245],"which":[247],"usually":[249],"more":[250],"limited":[251],"networks.":[254],"gained":[256],"our":[259],"designing,":[265],"developing,":[266],"implementing":[268],"requirements":[270],"next-generation":[273],"applications.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
