{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167544518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","title":"EngraveChain: A Blockchain-Based Tamper-Proof Distributed Log System","display_name":"EngraveChain: A Blockchain-Based Tamper-Proof Distributed Log System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167544518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","mag":"3167544518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13060143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/6/143/pdf?version=1622451943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/6/143/pdf?version=1622451943","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090046099","display_name":"Louis Shekhtman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-8363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louis Shekhtman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-8363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023674259","display_name":"Erez Waisbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-5436"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erez Waisbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Kfar Saba 4464321, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Kfar Saba 4464321, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023674259","https://openalex.org/A5090046099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.2568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96457075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"143","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9010968208312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8580081462860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7466260194778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5852236151695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5696714520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.5511436462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4218723177909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3719908595085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.227105051279068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9010968208312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8580081462860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7466260194778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5852236151695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5696714520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.5511436462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4218723177909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3719908595085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.227105051279068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13060143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/6/143/pdf?version=1622451943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:143-:d:564925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/6/143/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ddedadf4600d45b092aa8b732696628d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ddedadf4600d45b092aa8b732696628d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 143 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/6/143/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 143","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13060143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13060143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/6/143/pdf?version=1622451943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167544518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167544518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107524893","https://openalex.org/W1516512945","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1975523264","https://openalex.org/W1987593503","https://openalex.org/W1993586921","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2045688835","https://openalex.org/W2096433989","https://openalex.org/W2098721736","https://openalex.org/W2117436610","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2158907675","https://openalex.org/W2511580607","https://openalex.org/W2520906649","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2561429595","https://openalex.org/W2729389169","https://openalex.org/W2768513189","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2806617787","https://openalex.org/W2807416058","https://openalex.org/W2885743763","https://openalex.org/W2887303678","https://openalex.org/W2943720364","https://openalex.org/W2950085508","https://openalex.org/W2971553341","https://openalex.org/W2983843057","https://openalex.org/W3013479300","https://openalex.org/W3043829269","https://openalex.org/W3048460560","https://openalex.org/W3103623510","https://openalex.org/W3133517151","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W6674357189","https://openalex.org/W6675248781","https://openalex.org/W6678832241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W4220849471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reliable":[1],"log":[2,90,118],"system":[3,33,91,160],"is":[4,129],"a":[5,18,59,63,69,88,96,112,116,124,177,185],"prerequisite":[6],"for":[7,131,169,180],"many":[8,132],"applications.":[9,133],"Financial":[10],"systems":[11,22],"need":[12],"to":[13,38,46,114,150],"have":[14],"transactions":[15],"logged":[16],"in":[17,36,58,62,80,153,184],"precise":[19],"manner,":[20],"medical":[21,27],"rely":[23],"on":[24],"having":[25],"trusted":[26],"records":[28],"and":[29,49,104,138,164],"security":[30,137],"logs":[31],"record":[32],"access":[34],"requests":[35],"order":[37],"trace":[39],"malicious":[40],"attempts.":[41],"Keeping":[42],"multiple":[43],"copies":[44,57],"helps":[45],"achieve":[47],"availability":[48],"reliability":[50],"against":[51],"such":[52],"hackers.":[53],"Unfortunately,":[54],"maintaining":[55],"redundant":[56],"distributed":[60,105],"manner":[61],"byzantine":[64],"setting":[65],"has":[66,74],"always":[67],"been":[68],"challenging":[70],"task,":[71],"however":[72],"it":[73],"recently":[75],"become":[76],"simpler":[77],"given":[78],"advances":[79],"blockchain":[81,110],"technologies.":[82],"In":[83,173],"this":[84],"work,":[85],"we":[86,121,157,175],"present":[87],"tamper-resistant":[89],"through":[92],"the":[93,100,109,136,166],"use":[94,171],"of":[95,141],"blockchain.":[97],"We":[98,134],"leverage":[99],"immutable":[101],"write":[102],"action":[103],"storage":[106],"provided":[107],"by":[108],"as":[111,144,146],"basis":[113],"develop":[115],"secure":[117],"system,":[119],"but":[120],"also":[122],"add":[123],"privacy":[125,139],"preserving":[126],"layer":[127],"that":[128],"essential":[130],"detail":[135],"aspects":[140],"our":[142,159,182],"solution,":[143],"well":[145],"how":[147],"they":[148],"relate":[149],"performance":[151],"needs":[152],"relevant":[154],"settings.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"implement":[158],"over":[161],"Hyperledger":[162],"Fabric":[163],"demonstrate":[165],"system\u2019s":[167],"value":[168],"several":[170],"cases.":[172],"addition,":[174],"provide":[176],"scalability":[178],"analysis":[179],"applying":[181],"solution":[183],"large-scale":[186],"system.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}
