{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159419509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","title":"How Schools Affected the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Data Analysis for Lombardy Region, Campania Region, and Emilia Region","display_name":"How Schools Affected the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Data Analysis for Lombardy Region, Campania Region, and Emilia Region","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159419509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","mag":"3159419509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13050109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/5/109/pdf?version=1619581010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/5/109/pdf?version=1619581010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077533591","display_name":"Davide Tosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-2512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","display_name":"University of Insubria","ror":"https://ror.org/00s409261","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Tosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032093422","display_name":"Alessandro Campi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-4146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Siro Campi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077533591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.7249,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.682569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"109","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7943080067634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7083934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closing","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","score":0.6576921939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-italy","display_name":"Northern italy","score":0.5680859088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.5004022121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.49200960993766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.48457610607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.48372605443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.47485116124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomics","display_name":"Socioeconomics","score":0.3535182476043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.33866405487060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.3378726840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.32707905769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2024102509021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.19631364941596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.19585037231445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17506465315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.17270025610923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.14201709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.09974813461303711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7943080067634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7083934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.6576921939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018527574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4345530","display_name":"Northern italy","level":3,"score":0.5680859088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5004022121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.49200960993766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.48457610607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48372605443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.47485116124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3535182476043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.33866405487060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3378726840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32707905769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2024102509021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19631364941596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.19585037231445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17506465315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.17270025610923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.14201709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.09974813461303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13050109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/5/109/pdf?version=1619581010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1171666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1171666","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1171666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48f13d28d980402a9a6c1f41754ed080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48f13d28d980402a9a6c1f41754ed080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 109 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irinsubria.uninsubria.it:11383/2114149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2114149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196351","display_name":"IrInSubria (University of Insubria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115752224","host_organization_name":"University of Insubria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115752224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/5/109/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 109","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13050109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/5/109/pdf?version=1619581010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159419509.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159419509.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102187991","https://openalex.org/W2136201887","https://openalex.org/W2186013483","https://openalex.org/W2732157297","https://openalex.org/W3015054958","https://openalex.org/W3021036648","https://openalex.org/W3026865988","https://openalex.org/W3036308269","https://openalex.org/W3044137311","https://openalex.org/W3045890369","https://openalex.org/W3046551854","https://openalex.org/W3106386073","https://openalex.org/W3111440965","https://openalex.org/W3111564425","https://openalex.org/W3129940998","https://openalex.org/W3137188661","https://openalex.org/W3151437019","https://openalex.org/W3156833490","https://openalex.org/W4210822972","https://openalex.org/W6786941323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200329650","https://openalex.org/W3127156785","https://openalex.org/W4205754011","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W4205215807","https://openalex.org/W3005417802","https://openalex.org/W4226296940","https://openalex.org/W3028835529","https://openalex.org/W3036314732","https://openalex.org/W3134376730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Coronavirus":[1],"Disease":[2],"2019":[3],"(COVID-19)":[4],"is":[5,59,192],"the":[6,15,18,25,29,49,65,69,78,84,126,129,150,163,177,181,199,203],"main":[7],"discussed":[8],"topic":[9],"worldwide":[10],"in":[11,53,61,72,102,114,141,186],"2020":[12],"and":[13,28,38,56,95,106,116,180],"at":[14],"beginning":[16],"of":[17,32,51,86,202],"Italian":[19,165],"epidemic,":[20],"scientists":[21],"tried":[22],"to":[23,63,128,157],"understand":[24],"virus":[26],"diffusion":[27,50,85],"epidemic":[30],"curve":[31],"positive":[33],"cases":[34],"with":[35],"controversial":[36],"findings":[37],"numbers.":[39],"Objectives:":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"a":[44,172,187],"data":[45,81,94,97],"analytics":[46],"study":[47],"on":[48,149],"COVID-19":[52,151],"Lombardy":[54,104],"Region":[55,58,105],"Campania":[57,107],"developed":[60],"order":[62],"identify":[64],"driver":[66],"that":[67,171,194],"sparked":[68],"second":[70,164],"wave":[71],"Italy.":[73],"Methods:":[74],"Starting":[75],"from":[76],"all":[77],"available":[79],"official":[80],"collected":[82],"about":[83],"COVID-19,":[87],"we":[88,123],"analyzed":[89],"Google":[90],"mobility":[91,159],"data,":[92],"school":[93,142,178],"infection":[96],"for":[98],"two":[99,111],"big":[100],"regions":[101],"Italy:":[103],"Region,":[108],"which":[109],"adopted":[110,140],"different":[112,138],"approaches":[113],"opening":[115],"closing":[117],"schools.":[118],"To":[119],"reinforce":[120],"our":[121],"findings,":[122],"also":[124],"extended":[125],"analysis":[127],"Emilia":[130],"Romagna":[131],"Region.":[132],"Results:":[133],"The":[134,168],"paper":[135,169],"shows":[136,170],"how":[137],"policies":[139],"opening/closing":[143],"may":[144],"have":[145,198],"had":[146],"an":[147],"impact":[148],"spread,":[152],"while":[153],"other":[154],"factors":[155],"related":[156],"citizen":[158],"did":[160],"not":[161],"affect":[162],"wave.":[166],"Conclusions:":[167],"clear":[173,193],"correlation":[174],"exists":[175],"between":[176],"contagion":[179,185],"subsequent":[182],"temporal":[183],"overall":[184],"geographical":[188],"area.":[189],"Moreover,":[190],"it":[191],"highly":[195],"populated":[196],"provinces":[197],"greatest":[200],"spread":[201],"virus.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}
