{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120545453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","title":"A Classifier to Detect Informational vs. Non-Informational Heart Attack Tweets","display_name":"A Classifier to Detect Informational vs. Non-Informational Heart Attack Tweets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120545453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","mag":"3120545453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/1/19/pdf?version=1610964533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/1/19/pdf?version=1610964533","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018501075","display_name":"Ola Karajeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-4533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ola Karajeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003711406","display_name":"Dirar Darweesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirar Darweesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 3030 Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 3030 Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091723521","display_name":"Omar Darwish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8346-7148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152372855","display_name":"Ferrum College","ror":"https://ror.org/0128ckf82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152372855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Darwish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Technology and Information Systems, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8346-7148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Technology and Information Systems, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152372855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045707636","display_name":"Noor Abu-el-rub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7734"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Abu-El-Rub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 67002, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 67002, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018299454","display_name":"Belal Alsinglawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belal Alsinglawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Rydalmere, NSW 2116, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Rydalmere, NSW 2116, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054382683","display_name":"Nasser Alsaedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Alsaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Taibah University, 2003 Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Taibah University, 2003 Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018501075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87445379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8546538352966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c4.5-algorithm","display_name":"C4.5 algorithm","score":0.8417654037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6804254651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6497906446456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6462437510490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6401952505111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6231278777122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5444153547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5308752059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.4585977792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22445926070213318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8546538352966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52003472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022655","display_name":"C4.5 algorithm","level":4,"score":0.8417654037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6804254651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6497906446456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6462437510490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6401952505111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6231278777122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5444153547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5308752059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.4585977792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22445926070213318}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/1/19/pdf?version=1610964533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:19-:d:481363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/1/19/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e554db1028714ec29cd341fb30792b64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e554db1028714ec29cd341fb30792b64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 19 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/13/1/19/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 19","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/102013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi13010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/1/19/pdf?version=1610964533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120545453.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051570813","https://openalex.org/W2189460232","https://openalex.org/W2322190778","https://openalex.org/W2463283787","https://openalex.org/W2476324296","https://openalex.org/W2605217828","https://openalex.org/W2624668942","https://openalex.org/W2745850770","https://openalex.org/W2751418808","https://openalex.org/W2766352063","https://openalex.org/W2780195716","https://openalex.org/W2783887874","https://openalex.org/W2784071654","https://openalex.org/W2787697862","https://openalex.org/W2803775299","https://openalex.org/W2889085820","https://openalex.org/W2890825139","https://openalex.org/W2892021043","https://openalex.org/W2896417171","https://openalex.org/W2901638914","https://openalex.org/W3082259923","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302111763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997511728","https://openalex.org/W4214653893","https://openalex.org/W4214491888","https://openalex.org/W2149097950","https://openalex.org/W2756012949","https://openalex.org/W2313958768","https://openalex.org/W3003508951","https://openalex.org/W3124731355","https://openalex.org/W3036853918","https://openalex.org/W3211372245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,33],"sites":[2],"are":[3,93,122],"considered":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,11,69,178],"the":[7,35,41,67,86,115,118,131,218,231,239,256,264],"most":[8],"important":[9,65],"sources":[10],"data":[12],"in":[13,31,40,164],"many":[14],"fields,":[15],"such":[16,125],"as":[17,126,150],"health,":[18],"education,":[19],"and":[20,58,81,134,186,210,241,269,273],"politics.":[21],"While":[22],"surveys":[23],"provide":[24],"explicit":[25],"answers":[26,37,53],"to":[27,46,59,75,144,162,174,188,193,216,221,223,237],"specific":[28],"questions,":[29],"posts":[30],"social":[32],"have":[34],"same":[36],"implicitly":[38],"occurring":[39],"text.":[42],"This":[43,228],"research":[44],"aims":[45],"develop":[47],"a":[48,107,137,159,166,189,225],"method":[49,62],"for":[50,63,130,244,271],"extracting":[51],"implicit":[52],"from":[54,84],"large":[55,176],"tweet":[56],"collections,":[57],"demonstrate":[60],"this":[61],"an":[64],"concern:":[66],"problem":[68],"heart":[70,98,108,138],"attacks.":[71],"The":[72,140,249],"approach":[73],"is":[74],"collect":[76],"tweets":[77,92,124,149],"containing":[78],"\u201cheart":[79],"attack\u201d":[80],"then":[82],"select":[83],"those":[85,94],"ones":[87],"with":[88,234,267],"useful":[89],"information.":[90],"Informational":[91],"which":[95],"express":[96],"real":[97],"attack":[99,109],"issues,":[100],"e.g.,":[101],"\u201cYesterday":[102],"morning,":[103],"my":[104,128],"grandfather":[105],"had":[106,136],"while":[110],"he":[111],"was":[112,143],"walking":[113],"around":[114,147],"garden.\u201d":[116],"On":[117],"other":[119],"hand,":[120],"there":[121],"non-informational":[123,155,274],"\u201cDropped":[127],"iPhone":[129],"first":[132],"time":[133],"almost":[135],"attack.\u201d":[139],"starting":[141],"point":[142],"manually":[145],"classify":[146],"7000":[148],"either":[151],"informational":[152,272],"(11%)":[153],"or":[154],"(89%),":[156],"thus":[157],"yielding":[158],"labeled":[160,232],"dataset":[161],"use":[163,222],"devising":[165],"machine":[167,205],"learning":[168],"classifier":[169,240,254],"that":[170],"can":[171],"be":[172,194],"applied":[173],"our":[175],"collection":[177],"over":[179],"20":[180],"million":[181],"tweets.":[182],"Tweets":[183],"were":[184],"cleaned":[185],"converted":[187],"vector":[190,204],"representation,":[191],"suitable":[192],"fed":[195],"into":[196],"different":[197],"machine-learning":[198],"algorithms:":[199],"Deep":[200],"neural":[201,251],"networks,":[202],"support":[203],"(SVM),":[206],"J48":[207],"decision":[208],"tree":[209],"na\u00efve":[211],"Bayes.":[212],"Our":[213],"experimentation":[214],"aimed":[215],"find":[217],"best":[219],"algorithm":[220],"build":[224],"high-quality":[226],"classifier.":[227],"involved":[229],"splitting":[230],"dataset,":[233],"2/3":[235],"used":[236,243],"train":[238],"1/3":[242],"evaluation":[245],"besides":[246],"cross-validation":[247],"methods.":[248],"deep":[250],"network":[252],"(DNN)":[253],"obtained":[255,263],"highest":[257,265],"accuracy":[258],"(95.2%).":[259],"In":[260],"addition,":[261],"it":[262],"F1-scores":[266],"(73.6%)":[268],"(97.4%)":[270],"classes,":[275],"respectively.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}