{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095631054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","title":"Password Managers\u2014It\u2019s All about Trust and Transparency","display_name":"Password Managers\u2014It\u2019s All about Trust and Transparency","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095631054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","mag":"3095631054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12110189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/11/189/pdf?version=1604052980","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/11/189/pdf?version=1604052980","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039507198","display_name":"Fahad Alodhyani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Alodhyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042246090","display_name":"George Theodorakopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-7809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Theodorakopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-7809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039634558","display_name":"Philipp Reinecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-0891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Reinecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Queens Building, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039507198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.9492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89928609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"189","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9428223371505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7845449447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.6898790597915649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.636477530002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.5956641435623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5908098816871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.5508680939674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.4827536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4627513885498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4579412639141083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-cracking","display_name":"Password cracking","score":0.4281124472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32816267013549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.19316226243972778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9428223371505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7845449447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.6898790597915649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.636477530002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.5956641435623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5908098816871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.5508680939674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.4827536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4627513885498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4579412639141083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.4281124472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32816267013549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.19316226243972778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12110189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/11/189/pdf?version=1604052980","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:136446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:189-:d:437582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/11/189/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c462bbbe285d423591f1ba5b446aec8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c462bbbe285d423591f1ba5b446aec8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 189 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/12/11/189/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 189","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12110189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12110189","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/11/189/pdf?version=1604052980","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846730872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018263/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324553","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1463518955","https://openalex.org/W1534968492","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1596953637","https://openalex.org/W1884689072","https://openalex.org/W1982451263","https://openalex.org/W2088028234","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2100492959","https://openalex.org/W2113266120","https://openalex.org/W2129768690","https://openalex.org/W2133824719","https://openalex.org/W2139842203","https://openalex.org/W2145881505","https://openalex.org/W2167841397","https://openalex.org/W2171706738","https://openalex.org/W2218132318","https://openalex.org/W2361580210","https://openalex.org/W2394619600","https://openalex.org/W2413416220","https://openalex.org/W2417203279","https://openalex.org/W2463787941","https://openalex.org/W2471998880","https://openalex.org/W2490171383","https://openalex.org/W2527554300","https://openalex.org/W2591467524","https://openalex.org/W2601198590","https://openalex.org/W2765667105","https://openalex.org/W2797701623","https://openalex.org/W2801242599","https://openalex.org/W2889060472","https://openalex.org/W2889290790","https://openalex.org/W2889484065","https://openalex.org/W2891820333","https://openalex.org/W2901260264","https://openalex.org/W2963716093","https://openalex.org/W2968107524","https://openalex.org/W2972359044","https://openalex.org/W6679081015","https://openalex.org/W6707407866","https://openalex.org/W6750983214","https://openalex.org/W6754080259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W3131491961","https://openalex.org/W2953105088","https://openalex.org/W2596766976","https://openalex.org/W4302810031","https://openalex.org/W2916013051","https://openalex.org/W2017283799","https://openalex.org/W1847856596","https://openalex.org/W4294993944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"password":[1,27,53,69,80,98,118,137,151,178,182,202],"is":[2,49,158],"considered":[3],"to":[4,31,36,41,78],"be":[5,37,83],"the":[6,72,94,114,170,174,196],"first":[7],"line":[8],"of":[9,52,68,97,116,136,150,165,177,181,201],"defence":[10],"in":[11],"protecting":[12],"online":[13,129],"accounts,":[14],"but":[15],"there":[16,48,62,190],"are":[17,58,63,169,191],"problems":[18],"when":[19],"people":[20,43,76],"handle":[21,44],"their":[22,45,146],"own":[23],"passwords,":[24],"for":[25,173],"example,":[26],"reuse":[28],"and":[29,61,93,113,123,127,134,143,167,186,199],"difficult":[30],"memorize.":[32],"Password":[33],"managers":[34,81,183],"appear":[35],"a":[38,120,160,192],"promising":[39],"solution":[40],"help":[42],"passwords.":[46],"However,":[47],"low":[50,175],"adoption":[51,176],"managers,":[54,138],"even":[55],"though":[56],"they":[57],"widely":[59],"available,":[60],"fewer":[64],"studies":[65,106],"on":[66,110],"users":[67,89,133],"managers.":[70,99,152,179,203],"Therefore,":[71],"issues":[73,194],"that":[74,107,156],"cause":[75],"not":[77,159],"use":[79,147],"must":[82],"investigated":[84],"and,":[85],"more":[86],"generally,":[87],"what":[88],"think":[90],"about":[91,132],"them":[92],"user":[95,111,197],"interfaces":[96,112,198],"In":[100],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103,108],"report":[104],"three":[105,117],"conducted:":[109],"functions":[115,200],"managers;":[119],"usability":[121,157],"test":[122],"an":[124,128],"interview":[125],"study;":[126],"questionnaire":[130],"study":[131],"non-users":[135],"which":[139],"also":[140],"compares":[141],"experts":[142],"non-experts":[144],"regarding":[145],"(or":[148],"non-use)":[149],"Our":[153],"findings":[154],"show":[155],"major":[161],"problem,":[162],"rather":[163],"lack":[164],"trust":[166,185],"transparency":[168],"main":[171],"reasons":[172],"Users":[180],"have":[184],"security":[187],"concerns,":[188],"while":[189],"few":[193],"with":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}
