{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004332096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","title":"Well-Being and Social Media: A Systematic Review of Bergen Addiction Scales","display_name":"Well-Being and Social Media: A Systematic Review of Bergen Addiction Scales","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004332096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","mag":"3004332096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24/pdf?version=1582802539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24/pdf?version=1582802539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041146231","display_name":"Mirko Duradoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Duradoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079534440","display_name":"F. Innocenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Innocenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049461499","display_name":"Andrea Guazzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-4461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Guazzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Study of Complex Dynamics (CSDC), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy","Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-4461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of Complex Dynamics (CSDC), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049461499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":8.8857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97284345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction","display_name":"Addiction","score":0.8055059909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycinfo","display_name":"PsycINFO","score":0.801755964756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7066372036933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6065601110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5700560212135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5340738296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4378882944583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.345069944858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3397429287433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3242594599723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.30852603912353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.1263660490512848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.8055059909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.801755964756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7066372036933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6065601110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5700560212135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5340738296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4378882944583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.345069944858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3397429287433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3242594599723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.30852603912353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1263660490512848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24/pdf?version=1582802539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:24-:d:314288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2eb47c3f3993472db7a914d2275d452d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2eb47c3f3993472db7a914d2275d452d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 24 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1192373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/12/2/24/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi12020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/2/24/pdf?version=1582802539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004332096.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57831799","https://openalex.org/W82605517","https://openalex.org/W87562448","https://openalex.org/W1503557241","https://openalex.org/W1522090095","https://openalex.org/W1747878505","https://openalex.org/W1800216240","https://openalex.org/W1911246260","https://openalex.org/W1945969519","https://openalex.org/W1966603703","https://openalex.org/W1966931209","https://openalex.org/W1968764063","https://openalex.org/W1983214888","https://openalex.org/W1985749074","https://openalex.org/W1991384030","https://openalex.org/W1992646537","https://openalex.org/W1994045792","https://openalex.org/W1998146685","https://openalex.org/W1999461229","https://openalex.org/W2002746741","https://openalex.org/W2009451478","https://openalex.org/W2022991558","https://openalex.org/W2025893530","https://openalex.org/W2026642769","https://openalex.org/W2030030415","https://openalex.org/W2031678492","https://openalex.org/W2033156575","https://openalex.org/W2034377567","https://openalex.org/W2037445719","https://openalex.org/W2037755177","https://openalex.org/W2044519557","https://openalex.org/W2045889998","https://openalex.org/W2053133047","https://openalex.org/W2060946319","https://openalex.org/W2066770916","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2072609966","https://openalex.org/W2072772428","https://openalex.org/W2076231347","https://openalex.org/W2081891484","https://openalex.org/W2082204671","https://openalex.org/W2097473539","https://openalex.org/W2102145433","https://openalex.org/W2105388634","https://openalex.org/W2105975366","https://openalex.org/W2109935313","https://openalex.org/W2122447448","https://openalex.org/W2127259621","https://openalex.org/W2128622837","https://openalex.org/W2135925296","https://openalex.org/W2137810726","https://openalex.org/W2148905283","https://openalex.org/W2162209053","https://openalex.org/W2163191809","https://openalex.org/W2170379762","https://openalex.org/W2171313551","https://openalex.org/W2262836936","https://openalex.org/W2277090318","https://openalex.org/W2297594467","https://openalex.org/W2300872908","https://openalex.org/W2307930991","https://openalex.org/W2314751257","https://openalex.org/W2330336177","https://openalex.org/W2517534189","https://openalex.org/W2582196232","https://openalex.org/W2587348257","https://openalex.org/W2614051719","https://openalex.org/W2619582798","https://openalex.org/W2625284073","https://openalex.org/W2725944177","https://openalex.org/W2751090519","https://openalex.org/W2751146195","https://openalex.org/W2752746920","https://openalex.org/W2773736735","https://openalex.org/W2782081749","https://openalex.org/W2787273183","https://openalex.org/W2788268593","https://openalex.org/W2791253817","https://openalex.org/W2796019232","https://openalex.org/W2800160367","https://openalex.org/W2888110458","https://openalex.org/W2910716632","https://openalex.org/W2942324153","https://openalex.org/W3013679149","https://openalex.org/W3124410800","https://openalex.org/W4229820478","https://openalex.org/W4231548339","https://openalex.org/W4234193547","https://openalex.org/W4241286296","https://openalex.org/W4292994367","https://openalex.org/W4293003987","https://openalex.org/W4293108566","https://openalex.org/W6602359653","https://openalex.org/W6629979016","https://openalex.org/W6675543349","https://openalex.org/W6680723042","https://openalex.org/W6694630065","https://openalex.org/W6740644883","https://openalex.org/W6775384390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997939885","https://openalex.org/W2611312181","https://openalex.org/W2352083682","https://openalex.org/W2144802702","https://openalex.org/W2547625515","https://openalex.org/W4207041414","https://openalex.org/W4389682136","https://openalex.org/W2036362844","https://openalex.org/W3035400156","https://openalex.org/W2784190561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"social":[1,54],"media":[2,55],"addiction":[3,56],"impair":[4],"the":[5,11,29,48,51,59,64,77,99,108,114],"well-being":[6],"of":[7,33,102,113],"non-clinical":[8],"individuals?":[9],"Despite":[10],"Internet":[12],"being":[13],"able":[14],"to":[15,97],"be":[16,40],"considered":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,118],"promoting":[20],"factor":[21],"for":[22,42],"individual":[23],"empowerment,":[24],"previous":[25],"literature":[26],"suggests":[27],"that":[28],"current":[30],"massive":[31],"availability":[32],"Information":[34],"and":[35,70,91,125,130],"Communication":[36],"Technologies":[37],"(ICT)":[38],"may":[39],"dangerous":[41],"users\u2019":[43],"well-being.":[44,71],"This":[45],"article":[46],"discusses":[47],"relationship":[49,122],"between":[50,123],"most":[52,112],"used":[53],"measures":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"Bergen":[60,65],"Facebook":[61],"Addiction":[62,68],"Scale\u2014BFAS,":[63],"Social":[66],"Media":[67],"Scale\u2014BSMAS)":[69],"A":[72],"systematic":[73],"review":[74],"considering":[75],"all":[76],"publications":[78],"indexed":[79],"by":[80],"PsycInfo,":[81],"PsycArticles,":[82],"PubMed,":[83],"Science":[84],"Direct,":[85],"Sociological":[86],"Abstracts,":[87],"Academic":[88],"Search":[89],"Complete,":[90],"Google":[92],"Scholar":[93],"databases":[94],"was":[95],"performed":[96],"collect":[98],"data.":[100],"Ten":[101],"635":[103],"studies":[104],"were":[105],"included":[106,115],"in":[107],"qualitative":[109],"synthesis.":[110],"Overall,":[111],"works":[116],"captured":[117],"negative":[119],"but":[120],"small":[121],"BFAS/BSMAS":[124],"well-being,":[126],"across":[127],"multiple":[128],"definitions":[129],"measurement.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}