{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982702184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","title":"High-Level Smart Decision Making of a Robot Based on Ontology in a Search and Rescue Scenario","display_name":"High-Level Smart Decision Making of a Robot Based on Ontology in a Search and Rescue Scenario","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982702184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","mag":"2982702184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11110230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/11/230/pdf?version=1572509729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/11/230/pdf?version=1572509729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113789128","display_name":"Xiaolei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433375","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-7726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394982","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100433375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75628373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8949499130249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8515042066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owl-s","display_name":"OWL-S","score":0.7852836847305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.7175126075744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.7171368598937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.7111377120018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6516779065132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.5637485980987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-inference-layer","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","score":0.5155715346336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-ontology-language","display_name":"Web Ontology Language","score":0.5052300095558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-language","display_name":"Ontology language","score":0.47650614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.47287553548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4589672088623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39449363946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.349228173494339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.23082342743873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web-stack","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","score":0.17617788910865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.08153104782104492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8949499130249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8515042066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553356","display_name":"OWL-S","level":4,"score":0.7852836847305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.7175126075744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.7171368598937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.7111377120018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6516779065132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.5637485980987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115408247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882789","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","level":5,"score":0.5155715346336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101230327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826165","display_name":"Web Ontology Language","level":3,"score":0.5052300095558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61673122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095059","display_name":"Ontology language","level":3,"score":0.47650614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.47287553548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4589672088623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39449363946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.349228173494339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.23082342743873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.17617788910865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.08153104782104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11110230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/11/230/pdf?version=1572509729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2019:i:11:p:230-:d:282044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/11/230/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0adcc064a189401d89fc82a2e5c106ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0adcc064a189401d89fc82a2e5c106ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 230 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/11/11/230/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11110230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11110230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/11/230/pdf?version=1572509729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1061089390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61603403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2263791643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3091567564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7682199974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1734208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982702184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982702184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553927021","https://openalex.org/W1562643504","https://openalex.org/W1791197240","https://openalex.org/W1895310206","https://openalex.org/W1959035372","https://openalex.org/W1975989106","https://openalex.org/W1977820977","https://openalex.org/W2017548525","https://openalex.org/W2104409884","https://openalex.org/W2110795172","https://openalex.org/W2140873064","https://openalex.org/W2170655684","https://openalex.org/W2541517777","https://openalex.org/W2558355904","https://openalex.org/W2586777479","https://openalex.org/W2595461210","https://openalex.org/W2605050815","https://openalex.org/W2766962317","https://openalex.org/W2768996430","https://openalex.org/W2772094798","https://openalex.org/W2804186446","https://openalex.org/W2808917495","https://openalex.org/W2874411262","https://openalex.org/W2891608534","https://openalex.org/W2898488946","https://openalex.org/W2899561758","https://openalex.org/W2905634033","https://openalex.org/W2913393332","https://openalex.org/W2916550319","https://openalex.org/W2920776497","https://openalex.org/W2920984466","https://openalex.org/W2962736495","https://openalex.org/W3126017897","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6684906258","https://openalex.org/W6729209859","https://openalex.org/W7053032915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394747331","https://openalex.org/W2501878697","https://openalex.org/W2391038466","https://openalex.org/W2378801232","https://openalex.org/W2039975250","https://openalex.org/W2401469280","https://openalex.org/W1886010663","https://openalex.org/W2368335940","https://openalex.org/W1975408929","https://openalex.org/W2145357110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,155],"search":[1],"and":[2,8,62,80,100,144,157,162],"rescue":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"scenario":[5,17,149],"is":[6,52,69],"complex":[7],"uncertain":[9],"where":[10],"a":[11,41,124,151],"robot":[12,42,88,153],"needs":[13],"to":[14,18,43,46,71,92,96,122,131],"understand":[15,44],"the":[16,24,29,87,90,97,102,106,110,113,133,147,160,163],"make":[19,47],"smart":[20,48],"decisions.":[21,49],"Aiming":[22],"at":[23,101],"knowledge":[25],"representation":[26],"(KR)":[27],"in":[28],"field":[30],"of":[31,76,109,126,159],"SAR,":[32],"this":[33],"paper":[34,114],"builds":[35],"an":[36,116,139],"ontology":[37,51,79,161],"model":[38],"that":[39],"enables":[40],"how":[45],"divided":[53],"into":[54],"three":[55,74],"parts,":[56],"namely":[57],"entity":[58],"ontology,":[59,61],"environment":[60,98],"task":[63,120],"ontology.":[64,77],"Web":[65,82],"Ontology":[66],"Language":[67,84],"(OWL)":[68],"adopted":[70],"represent":[72],"these":[73],"types":[75],"Through":[78],"Semantic":[81],"Rule":[83],"(SWRL)":[85],"rules,":[86],"infers":[89],"tasks":[91],"be":[93],"performed":[94],"according":[95],"state":[99],"same":[103],"time":[104],"obtains":[105],"semantic":[107],"information":[108],"victims.":[111],"Then,":[112],"proposes":[115],"ontology-based":[117],"algorithm":[118],"for":[119,146],"planning":[121],"get":[123],"sequence":[125],"atomic":[127],"actions":[128],"so":[129],"as":[130],"complete":[132],"high-level":[134],"inferred":[135],"task.":[136],"In":[137],"addition,":[138],"indoor":[140],"experiment":[141],"was":[142],"designed":[143],"built":[145],"SAR":[148],"using":[150],"real":[152],"platform\u2014TurtleBot3.":[154],"correctness":[156],"usability":[158],"proposed":[164],"methods":[165],"are":[166],"verified":[167],"by":[168],"experiments.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}