{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969297404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","title":"Sustainable Communication Systems: A Graph-Labeling Approach for Cellular Frequency Allocation in Densely-Populated Areas","display_name":"Sustainable Communication Systems: A Graph-Labeling Approach for Cellular Frequency Allocation in Densely-Populated Areas","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969297404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","mag":"2969297404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11090186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/9/186/pdf?version=1566906740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/9/186/pdf?version=1566906740","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087339751","display_name":"Adebola Orogun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28653996","display_name":"Adekunle Ajasin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e27p903","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28653996"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adebola Orogun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba 234034, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-0488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba 234034, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28653996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029378587","display_name":"Oluwaseun Fadeyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-4471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["CZ","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwaseun Fadeyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic","Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geoscience, University of Trier, Universit\u00e4tsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-4471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geoscience, University of Trier, Universit\u00e4tsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045569977","display_name":"Ond\u0159ej Krejcar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-2574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ondrej Krejcar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-2574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045569977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55622025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"186","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.751815915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.6825175285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.6695716381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-allocation-schemes","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","score":0.6530622839927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5791005492210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-allocation","display_name":"Frequency allocation","score":0.5784358382225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48208194971084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4802853763103485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.43941327929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-assignment","display_name":"Frequency assignment","score":0.4333392381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4204155206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.41027578711509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39929503202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33357489109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2574395537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.20395004749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1821404993534088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.12112930417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09852951765060425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751815915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6825175285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.6695716381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.6530622839927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5791005492210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.5784358382225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48208194971084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4802853763103485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.43941327929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776628324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22222748","display_name":"Frequency assignment","level":2,"score":0.4333392381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4204155206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.41027578711509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39929503202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33357489109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2574395537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.20395004749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1821404993534088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.12112930417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09852951765060425}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11090186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/9/186/pdf?version=1566906740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jftint:v:11:y:2019:i:9:p:186-:d:261041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/9/186/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1684ab7cd1664325af6e7ecb44e139be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1684ab7cd1664325af6e7ecb44e139be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 186 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-5903/11/9/186/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fi11090186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/9/186/pdf?version=1566906740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34838331","display_name":"Future Internet","issn_l":"1999-5903","issn":["1999-5903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Internet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969297404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969297404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4133435","https://openalex.org/W50590809","https://openalex.org/W72331263","https://openalex.org/W856587566","https://openalex.org/W1502596244","https://openalex.org/W1846323131","https://openalex.org/W1859314164","https://openalex.org/W1942601760","https://openalex.org/W1959628502","https://openalex.org/W1967656939","https://openalex.org/W1982739759","https://openalex.org/W1991643774","https://openalex.org/W2011402196","https://openalex.org/W2013478697","https://openalex.org/W2052912429","https://openalex.org/W2080913999","https://openalex.org/W2082661651","https://openalex.org/W2087838764","https://openalex.org/W2108321396","https://openalex.org/W2133916480","https://openalex.org/W2147079489","https://openalex.org/W2154889602","https://openalex.org/W2162135329","https://openalex.org/W2243889159","https://openalex.org/W2311368478","https://openalex.org/W2396408835","https://openalex.org/W2524753194","https://openalex.org/W2560122583","https://openalex.org/W2587860214","https://openalex.org/W2587914841","https://openalex.org/W2770051391","https://openalex.org/W2799525396","https://openalex.org/W2888893328","https://openalex.org/W2889077932","https://openalex.org/W2899809800","https://openalex.org/W2908404674","https://openalex.org/W2963916205","https://openalex.org/W6636318949","https://openalex.org/W6639059393","https://openalex.org/W6640746424","https://openalex.org/W6751274735","https://openalex.org/W6755970227","https://openalex.org/W6758759872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562629347","https://openalex.org/W2134798069","https://openalex.org/W2109258345","https://openalex.org/W2247922609","https://openalex.org/W2171752242","https://openalex.org/W2132109247","https://openalex.org/W2787141939","https://openalex.org/W1511067494","https://openalex.org/W2159492443","https://openalex.org/W3048999090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"need":[1,45],"for":[2,46,99],"smart":[3],"and":[4,48,110,131,150],"sustainable":[5,164],"communication":[6,15,28],"systems":[7],"has":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,76,160],"the":[11,19,23,39,44,52,57,78,116,124,127,137,140],"development":[12],"of":[13,22,26,36,41,51,56,80,126,169],"mobile":[14,27],"networks.":[16],"In":[17,92],"turn,":[18],"vast":[20],"functionalities":[21],"global":[24],"system":[25,166],"(GSM)":[29],"have":[30],"resulted":[31],"in":[32,62,132,136,147],"a":[33,85,162,179],"growing":[34],"number":[35,40],"subscribers.":[37],"As":[38,65],"users":[42],"increases,":[43],"efficient":[47],"effective":[49],"planning":[50],"\u201climited\u201d":[53],"frequency":[54,72],"spectrum":[55],"GSM":[58],"is":[59,84,129],"inevitable,":[60],"particularly":[61],"densely-populated":[63],"areas.":[64],"such,":[66],"there":[67],"are":[68,177],"ongoing":[69],"discussions":[70],"about":[71],"(channel)":[73],"allocation":[74,101],"methods":[75],"resolve":[77],"challenges":[79],"channel":[81,100,112],"allocation,":[82],"which":[83,102],"complete":[86],"NP":[87],"(Nondeterministic":[88],"Polynomial":[89],"time)":[90],"problem.":[91],"this":[93,120,154],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"an":[97],"algorithm":[98,128],"takes":[103],"into":[104],"account":[105],"soft":[106],"constraints":[107],"(co-channel":[108],"interference":[109],"adjacent":[111],"interference).":[113],"By":[114],"using":[115],"Manhattan":[117,141],"distance":[118,142],"concept,":[119],"study":[121],"shows":[122],"that":[123],"formulation":[125],"correct":[130],"line":[133],"with":[134,167],"results":[135],"literature.":[138],"Hence,":[139],"concept":[143,156],"may":[144],"be":[145],"useful":[146],"other":[148],"scheduling":[149],"optimization":[151],"problems.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"unique":[155],"makes":[157],"it":[158],"possible":[159],"develop":[161],"more":[163],"telecommunication":[165],"ease":[168],"connectivity":[170],"among":[171],"users,":[172],"even":[173],"when":[174],"several":[175],"subscribers":[176],"on":[178],"common":[180],"frequency.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
