{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155625587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","title":"Information Equation of State","display_name":"Information Equation of State","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155625587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","mag":"2155625587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/entropy-e10030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/10/3/150/pdf?version=1424784641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/10/3/150/pdf?version=1424784641","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050841687","display_name":"M. P. Gough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-714X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Paul Gough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Science Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QT, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050841687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18150767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"150","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-energy","display_name":"Dark energy","score":0.7328062057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.7076067924499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equation-of-state","display_name":"Equation of state","score":0.6788190603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redshift","display_name":"Redshift","score":0.546755850315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universe","display_name":"Universe","score":0.5352625846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-cancer-database","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","score":0.4698352515697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.4680615961551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stars","display_name":"Stars","score":0.4594370722770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.4352344870567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43044358491897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-expansion-of-space","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","score":0.4289352297782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3348088264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.25863856077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmology","display_name":"Cosmology","score":0.16367781162261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy","display_name":"Galaxy","score":0.06826645135879517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.7328062057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7076067924499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53810900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214967","display_name":"Equation of state","level":2,"score":0.6788190603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.546755850315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.5352625846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.4698352515697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.4680615961551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.4594370722770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4352344870567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43044358491897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.4289352297782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3348088264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.25863856077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.16367781162261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.06826645135879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/entropy-e10030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/10/3/150/pdf?version=1424784641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0709.0612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.0612","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0709.0612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51d1b3ba40c7481ca79cc80a83be3a2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51d1b3ba40c7481ca79cc80a83be3a2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 150-159 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/10/3/150/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 150-159","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/entropy-e10030150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entropy-e10030150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/10/3/150/pdf?version=1424784641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320325","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320337","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155625587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155625587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540575383","https://openalex.org/W1542027217","https://openalex.org/W1615222761","https://openalex.org/W1616978591","https://openalex.org/W1643627373","https://openalex.org/W1856547125","https://openalex.org/W1986198456","https://openalex.org/W1993466133","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1999333609","https://openalex.org/W2009882945","https://openalex.org/W2037645123","https://openalex.org/W2038465242","https://openalex.org/W2057671533","https://openalex.org/W2068967633","https://openalex.org/W2087186041","https://openalex.org/W2098914923","https://openalex.org/W2103576134","https://openalex.org/W2105259569","https://openalex.org/W2112450120","https://openalex.org/W2125142421","https://openalex.org/W2141813462","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2149158279","https://openalex.org/W2172255023","https://openalex.org/W2798738336","https://openalex.org/W3099249975","https://openalex.org/W3101430175","https://openalex.org/W4233798822","https://openalex.org/W4238838407","https://openalex.org/W4253477627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599838885","https://openalex.org/W2199601775","https://openalex.org/W3204945662","https://openalex.org/W3157689737","https://openalex.org/W4388092325","https://openalex.org/W4387801031","https://openalex.org/W2094244450","https://openalex.org/W2797398598","https://openalex.org/W1996652222","https://openalex.org/W1750657662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landauer\u2019s":[0],"principle":[1],"is":[2,78,111],"applied":[3],"to":[4,43,83,106,114,137],"information":[5,17,37,71,81,133],"in":[6,109,143],"the":[7,21,33,44,115,121,132,144],"universe.":[8,35],"Once":[9],"stars":[10],"began":[11],"forming":[12],"there":[13],"was":[14,41],"a":[15,52,96],"constant":[16],"energy":[18,46,82,101],"density":[19],"as":[20,129],"increasing":[22],"proportion":[23],"of":[24,39,55,65,74,93,135],"matter":[25],"at":[26],"high":[27],"stellar":[28],"temperatures":[29],"exactly":[30],"compensated":[31],"for":[32,51,80,85],"expanding":[34],"The":[36],"equation":[38,92,134],"state":[40,94,136],"close":[42],"dark":[45,87,100],"value,":[47],"w":[48,140],"=":[49,141],"-1,":[50],"wide":[53],"range":[54],"redshifts,":[56],"10":[57],"&gt;":[58,60],"z":[59],"0.8,":[61],"over":[62],"one":[63],"half":[64],"cosmic":[66,116],"time.":[67],"A":[68,89],"reasonable":[69],"universe":[70],"bit":[72],"content":[73],"only":[75],"1087":[76],"bits":[77],"sufficient":[79],"account":[84],"all":[86],"energy.":[88],"time":[90],"varying":[91],"with":[95],"direct":[97],"link":[98],"between":[99],"and":[102,104],"matter,":[103],"linked":[105],"star":[107],"formation":[108],"particular,":[110],"clearly":[112],"relevant":[113],"coincidence":[117],"problem.":[118],"In":[119],"answering":[120],"\u2018Why":[122],"now?\u2019":[123],"question":[124],"we":[125,130],"wonder":[126],"\u2018What":[127],"next?\u2019":[128],"expect":[131],"tend":[138],"towards":[139],"0":[142],"future.c":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
